广州地区常见皮肤恶性肿瘤的临床特征及中医证型分布研究

Study on Clinical Features of Common Skin Malignant Tumors from Guangzhou Area and the Distribution of Their Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Types

【目的】回顾性分析广州地区常见皮肤恶性肿瘤基底细胞癌(BCC)、鳞状细胞癌(SCC)的临床资料,探讨其中医证型分布特点及相关影响因素。【方法】收集308例于2011年1月1日至2020年12月31日在广东省中医院皮肤科住院治疗且长期居住广州地区,经组织病理切片确诊为BCC(235例)和SCC(73例)患者的临床资料,运用频数描述及数据统计分析,总结其临床特点及中医证型分布规律。【结果】(1)BCC患者的男女比为1∶1.28,SCC患者的男女比为1.43∶1;BCC患者好发于60~69岁年龄段,SCC患者好发于70~79岁年龄段;BCC患者病程多为1~5年,SCC患者病程多小于1年;BCC患者好发于头面部(215例,91.49%),SCC患者好发于头面部(40例,54.79%)和四肢(26例,35.62%)。其中,BCC与SCC患者的各年龄段发病情况和发病病程比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(2)中医证型分布由高到低依次为湿热瘀阻、气阴两虚、脾虚湿瘀证,分别占比56.49%、27.60%、15.91%。3种中医证型的性别分布和发病年龄段分布比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。【结论】广州地区BCC、SCC患者在发病年龄、性别、病程、发病部位等方面存在差异,中医证型均以湿热瘀阻证最为常见。

Objective The clinical data of basal cell carcinoma(BCC)and squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)of the skin malignant tumors from Guangzhou area were retrospectively analyzed,and the distribution of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome types of the skin malignant tumors from Guangzhou area as well as their related influencing factors were explored.Methods We collected the clinical data of 308 patients with BCC(235 cases)and SCC(73 cases)who were hospitalized in the Department of Dermatology of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 1,2011 to December 31,2020 and were ordinarily resident in Guangzhou area.The diagnosis of the patients was all confirmed by the pathological examination.The clinical features and distribution of TCM syndrome types were investigated by using frequency description and statistical analysis.Results(1)The male-to-female ratio was 1∶1.28 for BCC patients and was 1.43∶1 for SCC patients.BCC was commonly seen in the age group of 60-69 years old and SCC was commonly seen in the age group of 70-79 years old.The course of disease for BCC patients was mostly 1-5 year(s),and that for SCC patients was usually less than one year.A total of 215 cases(91.49%)of the patients suffered from BCC on the head and face,40 cases(54.79%)suffered from SCC on the head and face and 26 cases(35.62%)suffered from SCC on the extremities.The differences in the onset at various age groups and course of disease between BCC patients and SCC patients were statistically significant(P<0.05).(2)The TCM syndrome types of the skin malignant tumors from Guangzhou area in decreasing sequence were damp-heat and blood stasis obstruction syndrome,qi and yin deficiency syndrome,and spleen deficiency with damp and blood stasis syndrome,which accounted for 56.49%,27.60%,and 15.91%,respectively.The differences in the distribution of gender and onset at various age groups among the three TCM syndrome types were not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusion There exist differences in onset age,gender,course of disease,and location of illness in the patients with BCC and SCC from Guangzhou area,and the most common TCM syndrome is damp-heat and blood stasis obstruction syndrome.