民办园教育“小学化”的治理困境——新制度主义的视角

The Governance Dilemma of Private Kindergarten Primary Schoolization: From the Perspective of Neo-Institutionalism Theory

幼儿园教育“小学化”是指忽视幼儿身心发展规律,将其视为身高体型上缩小版的小学生,一味向小学靠拢,甚至把适合小学生的课程内容、教学方式及相应的教学要求直接用在幼儿身上的学前教育误区。新制度主义理论对研判和治理民办幼儿园“小学化”问题具有适切性。根据成本—收益的行动法则,民办园举办者确立旨在竞争生源的供给决策;鉴于一些地区政府资源分配短缺,部分民办园优先选择向家长寻求“内部合法性”;学前教育质量评价制度的强制性要素式微,一些民办园生成不同的文化—认知逻辑。从根本上扭转幼儿园教育“小学化”是一项复杂的社会系统工程,需要有效调和民办幼儿园保教质量评价制度中“外部合法性”与“内部合法性”之间的紧张与冲突。

“Kindergarten primary schoolization”of kindergarten education is a misunderstanding in preschool education,which refers to ignoring the laws of physical and mental development of children,treating them as a reduced version of primary school students,blindly moving closer to primary schools,and even applying curriculum content,teaching methods and corresponding teaching requirements suitable for primary school students directly to children.Neo-institutionalism theory is suitable for judging and managing the problem of kindergarten primary schoolization.According to the cost-benefit action rule,the founders of private parks establish supply decisions,aiming to compete for students;Given the shortage of government resource allocation in some regions,some private kindergartens prefer to seek“internal legitimacy”from parents;The mandatory elements of the preschool education quality evaluation system have gradually weakened,and some private kindergartens have developed different cultural-cognitive logics.Fundamentally reversing the kindergarten primary schoolization is a social system project.It is necessary to effectively reconcile the tension and conflict between“external legitimacy”and“internal legitimacy”in the quality evaluation system of private kindergartens.