刑事责任年龄的三层级差结构研究

Researching on the Three-Level Difference Structure of Criminal Responsibility’s Age

《刑法修正案(十一)》通过后,我国刑事责任年龄形成三层级差结构:刑法第17条第1款是刑事责任年龄的第一层级,年满16周岁是完全负刑事责任年龄的起点,对所有刑法规制的行为负刑事责任;刑法第17条第2款是刑事责任年龄的第二层级,年满14周岁不满16周岁是不完全负刑事责任年龄,只对故意杀人等8种刑法规制的行为负刑事责任;刑法第17条第3款是刑事责任年龄的第三层级,年满12周岁不满14周岁是相当于第2款次层级的不完全负刑事责任年龄,只对故意杀人等2种刑法规制的行为负刑事责任,且附以结果严重、情节恶劣、最高人民检察院核准追诉等条件,此款的规制范围还可以商榷。《刑法修正案(十一)》实施后,我国的刑事责任年龄,经过“二重”级差规定形成三层级差结构,体现了立法的智慧,反映出法律对于未成年人犯罪,在年龄上并非“一刀切”,而是有“层级差”的,这就增强了惩罚未成年人犯罪的针对性和现实性,体现了刑法的人权保障机能和法益保护机能的平衡,实现法律的正义、秩序等目的价值。刑事责任年龄的规定存在概念混淆、逻辑混乱和词不达意的表述问题,通过厘清相关概念关系,对刑事责任年龄的规定进行符合法学、逻辑学、语言学的明晰表述,以实现法律的形式价值。

After the passage of Amendment(11) to Criminal Law, the age of criminal responsibility in China has formed a three-level difference structure: Article 17(1) of the Criminal Law is the first level of the of criminal responsibility’s age, reaching the age of 16 is the starting point of the age of full criminal responsibility, and it is responsible for all acts regulated by the criminal law;Article 17(2) of the Criminal Law is the second level of criminal responsibility’s age, between the age of 14 and the age of 16 is the age of incomplete criminal responsibility, and only 8 acts such as intentional homicide regulated by the criminal law are liable for criminal responsibility;Article 17(3) of the Criminal Law is the third level of the of criminal responsibility’s age, reaching the age of 12 to 14 is equivalent to the second paragraph second hierarchy criminal responsibility age level, only the acts regulated by the two criminal laws, such as intentional homicide, are subject to criminal liability, and the result is serious and the plot is bad, The Supreme People’s Procuratorate approved the prosecution, so the scope of regulation of this clause can be discussed. After Criminal law amendment(11) has implemented, our country’s criminal responsibility age, through the “double” differential regulation form the three layers structure, embodies the wisdom of legislation, reflects the law for a minor crime on the age is not a “one size fits all”, but has the “level difference”, it enhances the punishment of the minor crime targeted and practical, to embody the function of the ensured human rights and legal interests of the criminal law protection function of balance, to realize the aim value of legal justice and order. The provision of the age of criminal responsibility has some problems such as confusion of concept, confusion of logic and inexpressiveness, the regulation of age of criminal responsibility is clearly expressed in accordance with law, logic and linguistics by clarifying the relationship between relevant concepts, so that to realize the formal value of law.