日本天理图书馆藏一件黑水城元代文书考

A Study on a Yuan Dynasty Khara-Khoto Document Collected in the Tenri Central Library in Japan

日本天理图书馆藏有我国黑水城文献若干件,其中有一件元代亦集乃路总管府的“取状”。由此件发现,元代在亦集乃路设有“官羊户计”,此户计并不见于其他地区。元代的取状并非登记所有取状人的户籍,除户主外,其他人员往往仅需登记其“户计”即可,取状中登记取状人的户籍应与财产的罚没相关。另外还发现,元代曾设置过塔塔元帅府,此件文书是目前所知有关该元帅府的唯一记载,塔塔元帅府可能与蒙古元帅府有关。

There are several Dunhuang and Khara-Khoto documents collected in the Tenri Central Library in Japan. One of them is a previously unpublished quzhuang document(a record of witness testimony) from the Ejina Prefecture in the Yuan dynasty, which claims that there was an “official sheep register” in the region. No such document has ever been seen in other places, however, as quzhang generally only registered the domicile of the head of a household and the number of his family members, but not the housing information of all witnesses. It is believed that listing the domiciles of witnesses registered in quzhuang might have been related to the confiscation of property. In addition, the document also suggests that a “Tata Marshal House” was once set up in the Yuan dynasty, which was likely associated with the Monglian Command House, although this is the only historical document found to make mention of such an installation.