满族“三仙女”始祖神话新探

A New Research into the Myth of the First Ancestor of the Manchu “Three Fairies”

清王朝建立后,不断地从“天命所归”的角度增补、修订“三仙女”神话,证明其取代明朝的合法性,使其由部族神话逐渐发展为国家神话。皇太极接受并改变“三仙女”神话,使其成为部族神话,以便于打造新的满族民族共同体。全国版图奠定之后,随着统一多民族国家不断巩固和发展,以乾隆皇帝为代表的统治者又将“三仙女”神话视为民族集体意识的载体,赋予其中华民族共同体神话的属性。在此视域下,满族“三仙女”始祖神话文本呈现出新的历史意义。

Enperor Huang Taiji accepted and changed the myth of the “Three Fairies” and made it a tribal myth in order to create a new Manchu ethnic community. After the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, the Manchu rulers continued to supplement and revise the myth of the “Three Fairies” from the perspective of “the destiny of heaven”, proving its legitimacy to replace the Ming Dynasty, and gradually developing it from a tribal myth to a national myth. After the establishment of the territory, with the continuous consolidation and development of the unified multi-ethnic state, the rulers represented by Emperor Qianlong regarded it as the carrier of the collective consciousness of the Chinese nation, making it a myth of the Chinese nation’s community. From this perspective, the mythological texts of the ancestors of the “Three Fairies” of the Manchu people have presented a new historical significance.