乾隆朝和硕公主丧葬仪注考

A Textual Research on the Funeral Ritual of Princess Ho?o in Qianlong Dynasty

清代公主的婚姻基本为政治联姻,与清朝的统治相始终。公主或下嫁满洲权贵,或与蒙古贵族联姻,而公主薨逝,事关皇室与额驸之家族,故有特定的丧礼仪制。学界对公主丧葬及其园寝安置问题已有研究,但针对固伦公主、和硕公主的丧礼制度尚无专门探讨。乾隆二十五年(1760年)和硕和婉公主丧仪、乾隆三十三年(1768年)和硕和嘉公主丧仪的满文档案史料,反映了和硕公主丧礼制度的内容与特点,指出公主葬仪是满洲宗室葬仪的一部分,办理需要多机构相互协调,内务府影响愈加显著。

The marriage of the princesses in the Qing Dynasty was basically a political marriage, which was consistent with the rule of the Qing Dynasty. The princesses either married Manchu nobles or married Mongolian nobles. The death of the princess is related to the royal family and the family of the concubine, so there is a specific funeral etiquette system. There have been studies in the academic circles on the funeral of the princess and the placement of her garden bed. However, there is no special discussion on the funeral system specifically for Princess Gurun and Princess Ho2o Based on the Manchu archives on the funeral of Princess Ho2o and Princess Hewan in the 25 th year of Qianlong(1760) and the funeral of Princess Hejia in the 33 rd year(1768) as basic historical materials, this paper focuses on the content and characteristics of Princess Ho2o’s funeral system. Furthermore, it is pointed out that the funeral of the princess, as part of the funeral of the Manchu clan, has the characteristics of multi-organization coordination and the increasingly significant influence of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.