NRP1在结直肠癌中的作用及干预策略研究进展

Research progress on the role and intervention strategies of NRP1 in colorectal cancer

结直肠癌作为全球最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,其发病率与病死率均居所有恶性肿瘤的前3位,近年来结直肠癌患者呈现年轻化趋势。目前,早期结直肠癌以手术为主要治疗手段,但是术后复发转移率高达50%,其他疗法如化疗和放疗具有严重的不良反应,因此,临床尚缺乏结直肠癌安全有效的治疗手段,寻找结直肠癌的新疗法至关重要。神经纤毛蛋白-1(neuropilin 1,NRP1)作为跨膜糖蛋白,在结直肠癌中高表达,且其过度表达与结直肠癌的发生发展密切相关;NRP1参与血管生成、肿瘤生长、细胞自噬、脂代谢等,有望成为治疗结直肠癌的潜在新靶点。本文综述了NRP1在结直肠癌中的作用,包括其分子结构、表达、自噬及其与小分子代谢之间的关联;阐述了NRP1在结直肠癌中发挥作用的相关调节因子,包括血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)、神经轴突导向因子3A(semaphorin 3A,SEMA3A)、转化生长因子β(transforming growth factor-β,TGF-β)等;总结了靶向NRP1的结直肠癌潜在干预策略,以期为结直肠癌诊断和防治提供借鉴。

Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world,and its incidence and mortality are among the top three of all malignant tumors.In recent years,CRC is becoming more common in younger patients.Currently,surgery is the main or first treatment of early stage CRC,however,up to 50%patients have recurrence and metastasis post-surgery.While chemotherapy and radiotherapy are often used as adjuvant treatment after surgery or as main treatment options for late stage CRC,they usually induce severe adverse effects.Safe and effective treatments for CRC are still lacking.Therefore,it is essential to discover new therapies for CRC.Neuropilin 1(NRP1),as a transmembrane glycoprotein,is reported to highly express in CRC,and its overexpression is demonstrated to be closely related to the occurrence and development of CRC.NRP1 is involved in angiogenesis,tumor growth,autophagy,and lipid metabolism,which is expected to be a potential new target for the treatment of CRC.This paper reviews the role of NRP1 in CRC,including its molecular structure,expression in CRC,as well as its connection with autophagy and metabolism.The regulatory factors of NRP1 in CRC were introduced,including vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),semaphorin 3A(SEMA3A),transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β),etc.The potential intervention strategies of CRC targeting NRP1 were summarized in order to provide reference for the diagnosis and prevention of CRC.