三维激光扫描技术在古建筑图纸绘制中的应用

Generation Method of Ancient Architectural Drawings Based on 3D Laser Scanning Technology

古建筑的造型多样、结构复杂且装饰丰富,其边缘线条难以用标准的直线、弧线表达,使用传统方法进行测绘具有很大的局限性。以盐城市大洋湾生态公园的盐渎古镇为例,探索三维激光扫描技术在古建筑平立剖绘制中的应用。首先,在室内外布设足够数量的黑白靶标,并用自由架站的方式获取古建筑的三维点云。接着,提取靶标的中心坐标作为公共点,对各站点云实施配准。最后,从点云中裁剪出对应的点云切片并利用主成分分析实现自动旋转变换,结合边缘提取算法与人工修正操作,绘制出古建筑的平面、立面、剖面。测试结果表明,与传统测绘方法相比,具有生产速度快、采集要素全、几何精度高、数据可追溯的优势。

Ancient buildings have diverse shapes,complex structures,and rich decoration.Its edge lines are difficult to express with standard straight lines and arcs.Using traditional methods for mapping has great limitations.This article takes Yandu Ancient Town,Dayang Bay Ecological Park,Yancheng city as an example,and explores the application of three-dimensional laser scanning technology in the drawing of ancient buildings.First,a sufficient number of black and white targets are placed indoors and outdoors,and the 3 D point clouds of ancient buildings are obtained by free standing.Next,the center coordinates of the target are extracted as the common points,and the site clouds are registered.Finally,the corresponding point cloud slice is cut out from the point cloud and the principal component analysis is used to realize automatic rotation transformation.The edge extraction algorithm and manual correction operations are combined to draw the plane,elevation,and section of the ancient building.The test results show that compared with the traditional surveying and mapping methods,this method has the advantages of fast production speed,full collection of elements,high geometric accuracy,and data traceability.