出口贸易方式转变与企业产能利用率

The Transformation of Export Trade Mode and the Utilization Rate of Enterprises’Production Capacity

化解产能过剩是中国产业健康发展和经济高质量腾飞的重要环节。尽管有关出口贸易化解产能过剩的研究引起了学界的关注,但尚未从贸易方式转变(即出口企业从间接出口转向直接出口)的视角进行研究。本文利用中国微观企业数据,采用倾向匹配法和倍差法深入考察了出口贸易方式转变对企业产能利用率的影响及其作用机制。研究结果表明:出口贸易方式转变显著提升了中国企业的产能利用率;渠道检验显示,出口贸易方式转变促进企业提升生产率、增加出口和提高管理效率,进而提升了企业产能利用率;异质性分析发现,出口贸易方式转变对进口企业、低契约密集度行业和劳动密集型行业内企业有更强的产能利用率提升效应;基于行业视角的进一步研究还显示,出口贸易方式转变比例的上升能够有效促进行业市场再配置,使得落后产能企业退出市场,产能利用率更高的在位企业获得更多的市场份额,最终促进行业整体产能利用率的提升。本研究为我国通过积极拓展对外发展空间以有效化解产能过剩困境提供了新的路径。

Resolving overcapacity is an important step to achieve China’s healthy industrial development and high-quality economic development.Although the study of export trade resolving overcapacity has attracted academic attention,it has not been studied from the perspective of trade mode transformation(i.e.,from indirect export to direct export).Based on Chinese firm-level data,this paper uses propensity score matching method and difference-in-differences model to investigate the impact of the transformation of export trade mode on the utilization rate of enterprises’production capacity and its mechanism of action.The results show that the transformation of export trade mode significantly improves the utilization rate of Chinese enterprises’production capacity.The mechanism tests show that the transformation of export trade mode promotes enterprises to improve productivity,increase exports and improve management efficiency,and therefore improves the utilization rate of enterprises’production capacity.The heterogeneity analysis shows that the transformation of export trade mode has a stronger positive effect on the capacity utilization rate of import enterprises,enterprises in industries with low contract intensity and labor-intensive industries.Further research from the industry perspective suggests that an increase in the proportion of export trade mode transformation can effectively promote industry market reallocation,so that enterprises with backward production capacity exit the market,and the incumbent enterprises with higher capacity utilization rate gain more market share,and ultimately improves the overall industry capacity utilization rate.This study provides a new path for China to effectively solve the dilemma of overcapacity by actively expanding the space for external development.