水凝胶结合生长因子在脊髓损伤修复中的作用

The role of hydrogel-bound growth factors in the repairing of spinal cord injury

脊髓损伤是一种外伤性疾病,可导致人体感觉、运动功能障碍。脊髓损伤后,个体的损伤平面以下常出现永久瘫痪、感觉丧失等症状,使得患者的生命、生活质量大大下降。脊髓损伤的部位常出现不利于修复的微环境、瘢痕及炎性反应,目前临床尚缺乏有效治疗措施。现有的治疗方式常使用生长因子促进脊髓损伤的恢复,但是由于不同种类的生长因子穿越血-脊髓屏障的能力不同,无法在病变部位达到足够的浓度或维持足够长的治疗时间,导致生长因子对脊髓损伤的疗效不佳。而水凝胶可以很好地解决上述问题。水凝胶是目前较为理想的材料支架,可以搭载生长因子实现原位给药,同时保护生长因子不被降解。此外,水凝胶还能够起到生物支架作用,填充损伤后形成的脊髓空腔,从而促进脊髓损伤后的功能恢复。本文就近五年关于水凝胶结合生长因子治疗脊髓损伤的研究进展进行综述。

Spinal cord injury(SCI)is a traumatic condition that can cause an impairment of sensorimotor function in the central nervous system.After the SCI,the symptoms such as permanent paralysis and sensory loss often appear below the plane of the individual injury,which greatly reduces the quality of life of the patients.The microenvironment,scar and inflammatory response will be found that are not conducive to repair,and effective treatment measures are still lacking in clinical practice.Existing treatment modalities often use growth factors to promote recovery of SCI,but since the ability of different types of growth factors to cross the blood-spinal cord barrier and unable to maintain enough concentrations at the lesion site,the efficacy of growth factors on SCI is unsatisfactory.The hydrogel can solve the above problems very well.Hydrogels are now ideal material supports that can carry growth factor for in situ administration,while protecting growth factors from degradation.In addition,the hydrogel can also act as a bioscaffold,filling the cavity formed after injury,and thus promoting functional recovery after SCI.Hence,we review the research progress of hydrogel combined with growth factors in the treatment of SCI in recent five years.