地表相对介电常数对雷暴云定位影响分析与研究

Analysis and research on the influence of the relative permittivity of the earth surface on thunderstorm cloud positioning

地表并非均匀介质的理想导体,传统的一维大气电场分量无法准确的对雷暴云进行定位,而利用大气电场三维场强分量进行雷暴云定位时,电场的场强、雷暴云的高度角测量往往会受到地表及空气介电常数的影响,产生定位误差。为解决雷暴云定位精度低的问题,分析了三维大气电场对于地表相对介电常数的敏感特性,结合镜像法,利用空中电荷电场分布、雷暴云电荷结构等原理,建立了雷暴云定位模型,分析得到大气电场场强、高度角与环境相对介电常数的关系。实验结果表明,地表相对介电常数越大,所测得的电场水平分量与雷暴云高度角越大,地表相对介电常数与大气电场水平分量的相关系数为-9.5,呈负相关,相关性强,因此要获得准确的雷暴云高度及方位,还须实时的地表相对介电常数进行修正。

The ground surface is not an ideal conductor of a homogeneous medium. The traditional one-dimensional atmospheric electric field component cannot accurately locate the thunderstorm cloud. When the three-dimensional field intensity component of the atmospheric electric field is used to locate the thunderstorm cloud, the field strength of the electric field and the altitude angle of the thunderstorm cloud are often measured. The electric field will be affected by the dielectric constant of the ground and air, resulting in positioning errors. In order to solve the problem of low positioning accuracy of thunderstorm clouds, this paper analyzes the sensitive characteristics of the three-dimensional atmospheric electric field to the relative permittivity of the surface, combined with the mirror image method, and establishes a thunderstorm cloud positioning model using the principles of electric field distribution in the air and the charge structure of thunderstorm clouds. Analyze the relationship between the atmospheric electric field strength, altitude angle and the relative permittivity of the environment. The experimental results show that the greater the relative permittivity of the surface, the greater the measured electric field horizontal component and the height angle of the thunderstorm cloud. The correlation coefficient between the relative permittivity of the surface and the horizontal component of the atmospheric electric field is-9.5, showing a negative correlation. Therefore, to obtain the accurate height and azimuth of the thunderstorm cloud, the relative permittivity of the ground surface must be corrected in real time.