政策的空间效应与可再生能源技术创新

Spatial Effects of Policy and Technological Innovations of Renewable Energy

发展可再生能源是实现碳达峰、碳中和目标的重要路径,而技术创新是可再生能源发展面临的最大障碍。利用欧盟1991—2019年数据的实证分析表明,欧盟可再生能源技术创新存在显著的空间溢出效应,这种空间效应主要通过政府政策、金融发展的推动来实现。空间相关性分析显示,这种空间效应在1999年以后更显著。空间模型的回归分析进一步显示,政府政策对可再生能源创新具有显著的异质性特征,这可能意味着通过需求间接引致创新且弱化市场机制的政策将难以持续,构建具有直接驱动效力且更加市场化的政策支持机制至关重要。此外,欧盟发达的直接融资市场对可再生能源创新产生显著的促进影响,间接融资市场作用有限。这表明,绿色债券、碳金融市场等直接融资机制是促进可再生能源创新的有效手段,中国应进一步构建更加清晰明确的能源与气候共同愿景,强化省域间的合作与协同发展,营造互利共赢的可再生能源发展格局。

The development of renewable energy is an important path to achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality,while technological innovation is the biggest obstacle the development of renewable energy is faced.The findings of this empirical analysis using EU data from 1991 to 2019 show that there is a significant spatial spillover effect in the technology innovation of EU renewable energy,which is mainly achieved through the promotion of government policies and financial development.The results of the spatial correlation analysis show that this spatial effect has been more pronounced since 1999.The results of the regression analysis with spatial models further show that government policies have significant heterogeneous characteristics for renewable energy innovation,which may mean that policies that indirectly lead to innovation through demand and weaken market mechanisms will be difficult to sustain,and it will become crucial to build a more market-oriented policy support mechanism with direct-driving effect.In addition,the EU’s well-developed direct financing market has a significant positive impact on renewable energy innovation,while the indirect financing market can only play a limited role.This shows that the direct financing mechanisms such as green bonds and carbon financial markets are effective means to promote renewable energy innovation.China should further construct a clearer and more explicit common vision of energy and climate,strengthen the inter-provincial cooperation and coordinated development,and create a development pattern of renewable energy which can be beneficial to all.