“东坡笠屐”的图文生成及其多重阐释——一个跨媒介艺术史研究的个案

On the Visual-textual Representation of “Dongpo in a Bamboo Hat and Clogs” and Its Multiple Interpretations:A Case Study of the Cross-media Art History

苏轼戴笠着屐的形象,最初源于其谪居儋州的生活片段,经由后人的文学书写与绘画形塑,逐渐演变为苏轼最深入人心的经典形象,在中国艺术史和文化史上具有独特而广泛的影响。关于“东坡笠屐”的既往研究,或从文字材料出发,梳理探讨其本事源流及文化意蕴,或侧重图像分析,就图式与技法风格考察“东坡笠屐”主题绘画的艺术特征。文章尝试综合运用文字与图像两方面材料,引入“跨媒介艺术史”的研究视野,探讨“东坡笠屐”形象的生成路径及其多重阐释面向。后人或借助“风雨海上苏”的政治隐喻,还原苏轼贬谪儋州的历史本事,对其戴笠形象作原境式的解读;或将苏轼打造为趋于符号化的文人典范,凸显“坡仙”风流的形象内涵;或发掘苏轼形象的诙谐潜质,展示一种超越文人传统的精神姿态。这些不同的形塑方式,也显示出图文媒介之于苏轼形象生成及其意义阐释的不同影响。

Originated in association with an anecdote about Su Shi’s Hainan exile,"Dongpo in a bamboo hat and clogs" has been one of Su Shi’s most popular images.The paintings and literary works of this theme have been diversified through centuries of transmission and development,providing vivid samples to examine how later literati accepted,propagated,and even recreated the image of Su Shi.However,in current scholarship,the literary texts and pictorial representations of "Dongpo in a bamboo hat and clogs" are usually studied separately,leaving the interplay between the textual and visual sources of this theme not fully explored.The paper starts with a close reading of the textual sources related to the anecdote of "Dongpo in a bamboo hat and clogs".Then the analysis shifts to the cross-media transformation and generation of Su Shi’s image within the paintings and their corresponding literary inscriptions,discussing how the later literati interpreted and misinterpreted the anecdote of Su Shi.They not only revealed the political implications behind the image of "Dongpo in a bamboo hat and clogs",but also regarded it as a cult of the exiled immortal.In addition,Su Shi’s witty character has been re-discovered and emphasized in both visual and textual content,which is somehow beyond the literati aesthetic tradition.All these discussions help to promote our understanding of the importance of Su Shi as a cultural icon in premodern China,as well as offer us inspiration and concrete examples to further look into the cross-media art history.