“十七年”时期影响较大的农村题材戏曲现代戏的创作方法

On the Creation Method of Modern Xiqu with Influential Rural Themes during the 17-year Period(1949—1966)

“十七年”时期的农村题材戏曲剧目,虽然大多数都没有经受住时间的考验,但有一些剧目在问世之时,受到观众的热捧。它们为何能“立得住”且“传得开”?这主要归功于三种创作方法:一是反映农民较为关注的问题,如青年人怎样才能得到幸福的婚姻,如何让分了土地的农民不再返贫,人们怎样才能在人民公社的体制下过上幸福的生活,当少数干部损害了农民的利益之后农民又该怎么办;二是通过所讲的故事完全取材于生活、故事的开展一如生活那样自然、表现出农民的真正品性、让人物说纯粹的乡土语言等手段真实而自然地描写乡村生活和农民;三是表现农民观众信任党和政府、不满无差别的平均分配制度、希望缩小城乡差距的社会心理,同时借鉴、运用大量的传统艺术形式以尊重农民观众的审美定势。

Although the majority of xiquworks with rural themes during the 17-year period didn’t stand the test of time,some of them were warmly welcome by the audience at their birth.The reason for their widely recognition and spread mainly lies on three creation methods.Firstly,these xiqu works reflect the concerns of farmers,such as how young people can get a happy marriage,how to let the farmers who divided the land no longer return to poverty,how people can live a happy life in a people’s commune system,and what should we do when a few cadres harm the interests of the farmers.Secondly,country life and farmers are portrayed in a true and natural way.For example,the story is drawn entirely from life,unfolds as naturally as life itself,shows the true character of the farmer,lets the characters speak pure local language,etc.Thirdly,the aesthetic set of the farmer audience is respected by showing the farmer audience’s trust and reliance on the Communist Party and the government,a system of equal distribution without discrimination,the social mind to narrow the gap between urban and rural society,and draw on and use a large number of traditional art forms.