“双碳”目标背景下生物质发电电价补贴的环保和国际贸易双重属性

Dual Attributes of Environmental Protection and International Trade of Electricity Price Subsidy for Biomass Power Generation under the Background of Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality Goals

生物质电是可再生能源的一种,其电价补贴具有环保和国际贸易双重属性。为了人类社会的可持续发展,以及国家自身发展权益出发,实行电价补贴都具有必要性,且电价补贴弥补了外部性带来的成本,具有正当性,这二者构成了补贴的基本环保属性。然而,在WTO法律框架下,生物质发电电价补贴可能构成SCM协议下的禁止性补贴和可诉性补贴,这是其国际贸易属性的具体体现。为兼顾环保属性和国际贸易属性,应当在国内法和国际法层面寻求平衡举措:对内加强政策合规性,并促进行业健康发展,尽早实现市场化;对外寻求国际法层面的制度支持,通过多边谈判、部长级会议等方式为生物质发电电价补贴设定豁免标准,抓住“双碳”目标背景下包括生物质发电在内的能源变革的机遇。

Biomass power generation is a kind of renewable energy,and its electricity price subsidy has the dual attributes of environmental protection and international trade.For the sustainable development of human society,as well as the country’s own development rights and interests,the implementation of electricity price subsidies are necessary,and electricity price subsidies to make up for the cost of externalities,with legitimacy,both constitute the basic environmental attributes of subsidies.However,under the WTO legal framework,biomass electricity price subsidies may constitute prohibited subsidies and actionable subsidies under the SCM agreement,which is a concrete manifestation of its international trade attributes.In order to balance the attributes of environmental protection and international trade,we should seek balance measures at the level of domestic law and international law:strengthen policy compliance internally,promote the healthy development of the industry,and realize marketization as soon as possible;external seek institutional support at the level of international law,through multilateral negotiations,ministerial meetings and other means to set exemption standards for biomass power generation price subsidies,seize the’double carbon’target context,including biomass power generation,including the opportunity for energy change.