恩格斯关于东方社会主义发展道路理论及其当代启示

Engels’ Thought on the Development Path of Oriental Socialism and Its Contemporary Enlightenment

通过对俄国社会形势的发展与内外部条件的深入研究,恩格斯晚年提出不仅俄国有不经历资本主义直接跨入社会主义的可能,经济和文化落后的东方国家也可以大大加快走向社会主义社会发展的过程。恩格斯东方社会主义发展道路理论阐述了实现跨越资本主义“卡夫丁峡谷”,不仅要有内在因素作为支撑,也要有外在因素作为推动力,通过将俄国社会革命的探索拓展到普遍落后的东方国家,恩格斯整体地揭示了社会形态发展的普遍性和特殊性,俄国十月革命和中国新民主主义革命的成功实践直接验证和发展了恩格斯东方社会发展道路理论,该理论在当下不仅给对中国特色社会主义建设道路指明了方向,也给经济和文化发展落后的国家提供了解决社会发展道路问题的理论指南。

In his later years, through in-depth study of the development of the Russian social situation and internal and external conditions, Engels proposed that not only Russia could enter socialism without experiencing capitalism, but also the backward countries in the East could greatly shorten the process of developing into a socialist society. He expounded that the realization of crossing the capitalist“Kafuding Canyon” should be supported by not only internal factors, but also external factors, realizing the two-way complementarity between the East and the West. From the social development of Russia to the developing countries that are generally backward in the East, it reveals the special and universal development form of social form. The successful practice of Lenin’s leadership of the October Revolution and the victory of China’s new democratic revolution are the direct embodiment of this theory. All countries in non-socialist society with backward economy can also embark on the road of socialist development. Engels’ thought and theory on the development path of Oriental society not only pointed out the development direction of China’s socialist construction, but also provided new theoretical guidance for backward countries to solve the social development path.