羞怯的认知神经机制

The Cognitive and Neural Mechanisms of Shyness

羞怯是个体在陌生社会情境或感知社会评价时表现出恐惧和抑制的一种特质,其与诸多适应问题相关。认知神经科学研究发现羞怯个体在对威胁的注意、情绪体验、情绪调节上均与非羞怯个体存在差异。具体表现为与羞怯相关的额叶、边缘系统等脑区在结构、功能连接和激活状态中表现不同。未来研究仍需从羞怯亚类型、羞怯的个体与文化差异入手,增加多模态数据分析方法和元分析方法,并在数字化背景下来进一步探究羞怯的认知神经机制。

Shyness refers to individual’ s fear and inhibition in unfamiliar social situations or perceived social evaluation conditions,which may cause many adjustment problems and affect daily life.This study reviews achievements of cognitive neuroscience technology in the field of shyness.Firstly,differences between shy and non-shy individuals in attention to threat mainly are divided into two situations.One is alert to threat,which shy individuals have special functional connections and stronger brain electrical components associated with attention,and the other is avoidance to threat after the initial attention bias,which shy individuals have stronger brain region activation and weaker brain electrical components associated with attention.Secondly,shy individuals have higher level of emotional experience.They showed right frontal electroencephalogram(EEG) asymmetry,stronger activation in related brain regions,and distinctive brain structure.Finally,shy individuals are poor at emotion regulation.They have structural damage in the limbic system,maladaptive functional connections between the limbic system and other brain regions and unfavorable frontal lobe development.In addition,this study proposes six suggestions.Firstly,shyness is heterogeneity.Research in the future can differanct subtypes of shyness.Secondly,study should take individual differences into consideration.Gender,age,and mental health status could affect the cognitive and neural mechanisms of shyness.Thirdly,some studies found that culture would impact the brain,so cross-cultural research on shyness in neuroscience are promising.Fourthly,future studies might consider the usage of multi-modal data analysis methods.Fifthly,meta-analysis become increasingly popular.Future studies can also have further reviews according to meta-analysis to have a more comprehensive conclusion.Sixthly,the cognitive and neural mechanisms of shyness in digital background should be noted.