国际风险沟通研究进展与实践探索

A Sketchy Review on Risk Communication:Research Progress and Practice Guidelines

在应急管理中常需要通过风险沟通影响公众的态度和行为,以预防、减轻或消除突发事件的影响。但是,在我国应急管理领域,风险沟通受到重视不足。为推进我国风险沟通的研究和实践,本文概要地介绍国际上风险沟通领域的研究进展和国际组织的风险沟通导则,得出的主要结论包括:关于风险沟通基础和应用研究的研究视角和方法都相对成熟,但是研究结论和具体的情景有关,所以,需要在我国开展针对具体风险和人群的本土研究;风险沟通实践没有万灵药,但是多个国际组织在其风险沟通导则中总结了一些普适性原则,这些原则可用来指导我国的风险沟通实践。

In managing crises,quite often there is a need to communicate risks and their coping strategies to the general public and thus to influence their attitudes and behaviors for the sake of preventing,mitigating or eliminating the impacts of crises.However,in China,risk communication has not received sufficient attention as it should be.To advance fundamental and applied research related to risk communication and promote good practices in communicating risks in China,this review article introduces research progress in the field of risk communication and the guidelines issued by international organizations.Two main points are drawn.Research perspectives and methodology in this field have been fairly well developed.However,the research results are sensitive to the nature of risks,the characteristics of individuals,and the social and cultural contexts.Thus,it is necessary to conduct more fundamental and applied research in the field of risk communication in a Chinese context.Also,there is no panacea for conducting successful risk communication.Over the years,a few general principles have been developed.These principles are reflected in the guidelines for communicating risks by international organizations,which could be used to guide the practices for communicating risks in China.