微塑料污染对海水微生物群落特征的影响

Effects of Microplastics Pollution on Seawater Microbial Flora

微塑料(MPs)是新兴的环境污染物,在海洋中广泛存在,但其对周围海水微生物的影响尚不明确。该研究采用高通量测序分析聚苯乙烯微塑料(PS-MPs)处理人工海水中细菌16S rRNA V4高变区,分析了不同粒径PS-MPs污染对海水细菌群落组成和多样性的影响。结果表明,变形杆菌门和拟杆菌门是水体中的优势菌门,其相对丰度在PS-MPs处理后发生了显著变化,粒径不同影响有所差异。PS-MPs在一定程度上还影响了水体微生物群的丰富度和多样性。基于FAPROTAX数据库功能注释,发现虽然PS-MPs对海水中生物化学循环影响较小,但2μm和10μm PS-MPs处理水体中可能参与人类和哺乳动物肠道疾病、病原体败血症、病原体脑膜炎等疾病的细菌相对丰度增加。上述结果为MPs污染对海水生态系统的毒作用研究提供了数据支持。

Microplastics(MPs) is one of emerging pollutants which is widespread in the marine environment. However,its impacts on the microorganisms in surrounding seawater remian unditsefined. In this study, 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the V4 region of bacterial in artificial seawater treated with PS-MPs. Results showed that the Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the dominant bacteria in the seawater, and their relative abundance was significantly changed after PS-MPs treatment. These influences varied among different particle sizes. The abundance and diversity of microbial communities were also significantly differed among control and various PS-MPs treated groups.Additionally, functional annotation based on FAPROTAX database was performed and the results indicated that PS-MPs had minor effects on biochemical cycling in seawater, but the relative abundance of bacteria potentially involved in human and mammalian intestinal diseases, pathogenic septicemia, and pathogenic meningitis was increased in 2μm and 10μm PS-MPstreated seawater.