功能论视角下的我国地方教育立法:现状、问题与优化

Local Education Legislation in China from a Functionalist Perspective: Status, Problems and Optimization

地方教育立法是我国教育法律体系的重要组成部分,具有保障中央教育立法在地方得以细化落实、因地制宜开展创制性教育立法和提升地方教育治理的能力和水平三项功能。通过对我国地方教育立法的梳理发现,其呈现出细化落实与主动创制并行、体系庞杂与趋于统一并行、立法积极与司法沉默并行三个特点,存在细化落实上位法时立法尺度“失准”、地方实际和地方特色突出不足和治理实效有待提高等功能发挥不充分的问题,建议从立法准备、由法案到法和立法完善三个阶段依次入手优化地方教育立法的各项功能。

Local education legislation is an important component of China’s education legal system. It has three functions: to ensure that national education legislation is implemented in detail at the local level, to develop innovative education legislation in accordance with local conditions, and to improve the capacity and quality of local education governance. Through the combing of China’s local education legislation, the paper finds three characteristics: the coexistence of implementation and innovation, the coexistence of system complexity and the tendency of unification, and the coexistence of active legislation and judicial silence. There are problems of “inaccuracy” in the scale of legislation in refining and implementing the superior law, insufficient highlighting of local realities and local characteristics, and inadequate functioning of governance effectiveness. We recommend that the functions of local education legislation should be optimized in three stages: preparation for legislation, from bill to law, and improvement of legislation.