美国现代大学荣誉教育:历史图景与体系构成

Honors Education in the United States Modern University: Historical Vision and System Structure

荣誉教育是现代大学培养本科学术精英人才的有效方式。通过历时性视角纵向剖开,美国荣誉教育在自由教育、实用主义与科研精神的交织和百年更迭中,展现了“重拾与移植”“确立与试点”“催化与扩展”“延伸与贯通”的历史图景。宏观视域下的体系概貌:荣誉学院/项目在美国高等教育的各类别高校中纵向延伸与嫁接,打破同质化与学术锁步,整体搭建了“大众-精英”的荣誉教育体系。深谙其图景变迁与体系构成的逻辑,美国荣誉教育是在古典与现代、教学与科研、大众与精英的“三重张力”之下“进化”,以“理性神话”应对高等教育普及化的精英教育坚守和多元教育需要。由此镜鉴,对我国即将迎来高等教育普及化阶段,有效融合“三重张力”培养本科拔尖人才,实现工具理性与价值塑造的统一;构建全面的本科拔尖人才培养体系,实现从“试点”到“整体”布局的跨越。

Honors education is an effective way to cultivate undergraduate academic elites in modern universities. From a diachronic perspective, American honor education shows a historical picture of “reconstructing and transplanting”-“establishing and piloting”-“catalyzing and expanding”-“extending and penetrating” in the interweaving and changing of liberal education, pragmatism and scientific research spirit in the past century. As a systematic overview, honors programs/colleges have been extended and grafted in various colleges and universities in the United States, breaking the homogeneity and academic lockstep and building a mass-elite honors education system. Deeply aware of the changes and logic, honors education in the United States is evolving under the triple tension between Classic and Modern, Teaching and Academic, and Mass and Elite. It deals with the dilemma between elite education and pluralistic education demand in the universalization stage of higher education with “Rational myth.”China is entering the universal higher education era, which needs to effectively integrate the triple tension to cultivate undergraduate talents, realize the unity of instrumental rationality and value shaping, construct a comprehensive system of honors education, and promote from pilot programs to wide implementation.