国家公园融资机制国际经验与启示——以美国、澳大利亚、日本、德国为例

International Experience and Enlightenment of National Park Financing Mechanism:Case Studies of the United States of America,Australia,Japan and Germany

完善的融资机制是支持国家公园运营管理的基础,是实现国家公园保护和公益性的重要条件。文中总结了美国、澳大利亚、德国、日本等国家公园融资机制的经验,从国家公园法律、管理模式等方面出发,具体分析各国家公园融资体系的运作机制;将国家公园资金来源划分为财政投入、经营性收入、捐赠收入并介绍具体情况,概述国家公园在融资机制方面的特点;从健全国家公园相关立法、提升财政投入水平、构建多元化资金来源渠道等方面提出完善中国国家公园融资机制的政策建议。

A sound financing mechanism is the basis for operation and management of national parks,and also an important condition for the protection and public welfare of national parks.The paper summarizes the experience of the United States,Australia,Germany and Japan in their national park financing mechanisms.It specifically analyzes the operating mechanism of the financing schemes for national parks in the 4 countries in terms of national park related laws and management modes,and divides the sources of national park funding into fiscal investment,operating income and donation income.The specific situation of each funding is analyzed and the characteristics of financing mechanisms for national parks are summarized.The policy recommendations are proposed for improving national park financing mechanism from the aspects of improving national park related legislation,raising the level of financial inputs,and tapping diversified funding sources.