油菜直播机扣垡犁体参数分析与试验

Analysis and experiment on parameters of plough body of rapeseed direct seeder

针对在长江中下游稻油轮作区秸秆量大、现有油菜直播机采用传统翻垡方式导致秸秆埋覆率低、回垡立垡现象突出的问题,提出了基于土垡先抬、后扣的侧边翻埋工艺方案,设计了一种与油菜直播机配套,能实现高茬水稻秸秆工况下的土垡侧边翻扣功能的扣垡犁。分析了扣垡犁主要结构和工作过程,构建土垡扣垡阶段力学模型,明确了扣垡犁的扣垡方式,确定了实现扣垡功能的扣垡犁宽深比为1.5~1.96。基于扣垡方式,确定了犁体曲面主要结构参数,并开展了作业阻力分析。扣垡犁田间作业性能表明,扣垡犁较优参数如下:犁铧宽度为150mm,耕深为180 mm,此时扣垡犁作业阻力为5.54 kN,扣垡率为92.25%;扣垡犁与翻垡犁田间对比试验表明:扣垡犁相比翻垡犁扣垡率提高了34.54%,作业性能优于翻垡犁。以犁旋组合式油菜直播机为试验平台,扣垡犁较优参数下开展田间验证试验,结果表明:作业后地表平均秸秆埋覆率为91.41%,厢面平整度为16.22~21.05 mm,碎土率均高于90.89%,满足油菜种床耕整要求。该研究可为油菜直播秸秆翻埋装置和扣垡犁体曲面设计提供参考。

To solve the problems of low straw burying rate and obvious straw returning and standing when plow body of the straw burying part of rapeseed direct seeding was designed with traditional turning way in rice oil rotation area of middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River,the technology scheme of side overturning and burying based on first lifting and then buckling of soil ridge was proposed,and a kind of buckling plough matched with rape direct seeder was designed,which can realize the function of side overturning and burying of soil ridge when the previous stubble was high stubble rice straw.The main structure and working process of the buckle plough were analyzed,and the mechanical model of the buckle plough stage was constructed.The buckle plough′s buckle mode was defined,and the fact that the buckle plough can better realize the buckle function when the width depth ratio was 1.5~1.96 was determined.Based on the buckle way,the main structural parameters of plow surface were determined,and the operation resistance was analyzed.The results of field performance of buckle plough showed that the optimal parameters were:plowshare width of 150 mm,working depth of 180 mm,the resistance of 5.54kN,and the rate of 92.25%;the field comparative test of button plow and turn plow showed that the rate of bucking was 34.54%higher than that of turning plow,and the performance was better than turning plow.The field verification test was carried out on the rape direct seeder with plough and rotary combination under the optimal parameters of bucking plough.The results showed that the average straw coverage rate was 91.41%,the evenness of compartment surface was 16.22~21.05 mm,and the broken soil rate was higher than 90.89%,which met the requirements of rape seed bed tillage.This study can provide a reference for the design of straw burying device and plow surface.