从相邻权到空间利益公平分配权:规划许可诉讼中“合法权益”的内涵扩张

From Adjacent Rights to Fair Distribution Rights of Spatial Interest: Connotation Expansion of Legitimate Rights and Interests in Planning Permission Litigation

规划许可对空间利益的分配,既关涉许可相对人的财产性利益,也直接影响许可项目周边区域居民的居住环境和公共生活。以私法上的相邻权作为规划许可诉讼的权利保护基础,在理论上和实践中面临诸多困境。随着空间利益调整由私法上的产权法让位于以规划许可为核心的公法机制,空间利益也从反射利益演变为一种独立的值得法律保护的合法权益。因应城市空间的复合空间属性,规划许可诉讼的保护法益,应当超越私法上的相邻权,迈向公法上的空间利益公平分配权。与保护法益的此种扩张相适应,规划许可的司法审查,在制度功能、保护对象、保护内容、纠纷预防解决等方面,都应做相应调整,推动城市空间利益分配从“权利模式”向“利益调整模式”的转变。

The distribution of space interests by planning permission is not only related to the property interests of the counterparty of the permission,but also directly affects the living environment and public life of residents in the planning area and surrounding areas.Taking the adjacent right in private law as the right protection basis of planning permission litigation is facing many difficulties in theory and practice.With the adjustment of space interests from the property law of private law to the public law mechanism with planning permission at its core,space interests have evolved from reflective interests to independent legitimate rights and interests worthy of legal protection.In view of the complex spatial attributes of urban space,the legal interests of planning permission litigation should go beyond the adjacent rights in private law and move towards the fair distribution rights of spatial interests in public law.In line with the expansion of legal interest protection,the judicial review of planning permission should be adjusted in terms of system function,protection object,protection content,dispute prevention and settlement,so as to promote the transformation of urban space interest distribution from‘right mode’to‘interest adjustment mode’.