溧阳鸡肌肉和鸡蛋品质的检测与分析评价

Detection and evaluation of muscle and egg quality of Liyang chicken

为了研究成年溧阳鸡的肉品质和蛋品质,本试验选取300日龄溧阳鸡公母各20只,鸡蛋80枚为研究对象,对其肌肉肉色、氨基酸、肌苷酸含量,鸡蛋的常规蛋品质,全蛋中脂肪酸、氨基酸含量进行测定分析。结果表明:溧阳鸡胸肌和腿肌的平均亮度值分别为50.32和41.91,公鸡肌肉(胸肌和腿肌)亮度低于母鸡,红度高于母鸡。溧阳鸡公鸡胸肌和腿肌中肌苷酸含量分别为(2.25±0.15)mg/g和(1.86±0.09)mg/g;母鸡胸肌和腿肌中肌苷酸含量分别为(3.45±0.07)mg/g和(2.18±0.08)mg/g。溧阳鸡公鸡和母鸡的胸肌总氨基酸含量分别为(23.26±0.05)g/100 g和(23.22±0.04)g/100 g;腿肌总氨基酸含量分别为(21.40±0.05)g/100 g和(20.67±0.06)g/100 g。溧阳鸡蛋形指数平均为0.75,蛋重为54 g,蛋白高度为5.43 mm,蛋黄颜色为8.01,哈氏单位为74.50,蛋黄重为18.15,蛋黄比率为33.67%,蛋壳强度为4.18 kg/cm2,蛋壳厚度为0.33 mm。鸡蛋中检测到主要脂肪酸共16种,不饱和脂肪酸中占比为50.3%,最高为油酸30.4%;饱和脂肪酸中占比为32.79%,较高的为棕榈酸为15.76%。鸡蛋中检测到16种氨基酸,总氨基酸含量为11.71 g/100 g,必需氨基酸为4.70 g/100 g,非必需氨基酸为7.01 g/100 g,呈味氨基酸为4.13 g/100 g。综上,溧阳鸡肉品质和蛋品质良好,是一种值得保护、开发、利用的地方优质鸡种。

In order to study the meat quality and egg quality of Liyang chickens,20 male and 20 female 300-day-old Liyang chickens and 80 eggs were selected and used.The color,amino acid and inosine content of chicken muscles,and the conventional egg quality,fatty acid and amino acid content in whole eggs were determined and analyzed.The results showed that the average L value(brightness value)of the breast muscle and leg muscle of Liyang chickens were 50.32 and 41.91,respectively.The brightness of the breast muscle and leg muscle of the cocks was lower than that of the hens,and their muscle redness was higher than that of the hens.The content of inosine in the breast mus⁃cle and leg muscle of the Liyang chickens was(2.25±0.15)mg/g and(1.86±0.09)mg/g,respectively.The inosine contents in the breast and leg muscle muscles were(3.45±0.07)mg/g and(2.18±0.08)mg/g,respectively.The contents of total amino acids in the breast muscle of Liyang cocks and hens were(23.26±0.05)g/100 g and(23.22±0.04)g/100 g,respectively.The total amino acid content of leg muscle was(21.40±0.05)g/100 g and(20.67±0.06)g/100 g,respectively.The average egg shape index was 0.75,the egg weight was 54 g,the protein height was 5.43 mm,the egg yolk color was 8.01,the Haugh unit was 74.50,the egg yolk weight was 18.15,the egg yolk ratio was 33.67%,the eggshell strength was 4.18 kg/cm2,and the eggshell thickness was 0.33 mm.A total of 16 major fatty acids were detected in the eggs.The proportion of unsaturated fatty acids was 50.3%,and the highest was the oleic acid,being 30.4%.The saturated fatty acids accounted for 32.79%,and the higher palmitic acid was 15.76%.Sixteen amino acids were detected in the eggs,the total amino acid content was 11.71 g/100 g,the essential amino acids were 4.70 g/100 g,the non-essential amino acids were 7.01 g/100 g,and the flavor amino acids were 4.13 g/100 g.The above results indicated that Liyang chickens had good meat quality and egg quality,and were a native high-quality chicken species worthy of protection,development and utilization.