阿根廷福建新移民的生计方式和社会网络——基于超市从业群体的考察

Means of Livelihood and Social Network of New Immigrants from Fujian to Argentina:An Investigation of Working Groups in the Chinese Supermarket

20世纪90年代后,福建新移民逐渐成为阿根廷中国移民的主体。受教育程度偏低、团结合作、家族式迁移以及借助非正规渠道移民是其主要特征。本文主要基于田野调查资料,从生计方式、社会网络及其互构关系的角度对其在当地的生存适应状况进行探讨。福建新移民以超市经营为主要生计方式,逐渐在阿根廷中低端零售业市场占据领先地位。他们主要依托由群体内部建立起来的社会网络来谋求发展,由此使他们有能力通过拓展商业合作、适应当地社会需求以及依靠团体合作应对挑战等方式,不断拓展群体外部的社会网络。随着福建新移民及其经济实力的不断壮大,其在中阿共建“海上丝绸之路”经济带中的桥梁纽带作用愈为凸显。

Since the 1990 s,immigrants from China to Argentina have been mainly new immigrants from Fujian.The group has the characteristics like being poorly educated,unity and cooperation,family migration and migration through informal channels.Based on the information from in-depth field investigation,the research demonstrates their living and adaptable condition in Argentina from aspects of means of livelihood,social network and mutual-construction relations.With operating Chinese supermarkets as their major means of livelihood,new immigrants from Fujian have gotten the leading position in mid-low end retail industry in Argentina.They mainly rely on the social network established within the immigrant groups to seek development,so that they have the ability to continuously expand the social network outside the groups through business cooperation,adapting to local social needs and group cooperation to meet challenges.As new immigrants from Fujian gain flourishing economic strength,they are playing a stronger role as a bridge and link in connecting China and Argentina to jointly develop maritime silk road economic belt.