西魏北周时期处理民族关系的政策和实践

Policies and Practices in Handling Ethnic Relations in the Western Wei and Northern Zhou Dynasties

西魏北周时期极其复杂的形势,使中央上层和地方官员更加深入思考历史和现实的民族关系,形成了推诚布信、劝以耕稼、引导民风、以“廉简”治理“群蛮”、以清廉之政争取羌人、积极抚慰及恩威并用等处理民族关系的政策,并在实践中取得了显著成效,为西魏北周在与东魏北齐争斗过程中增加了获胜的变数。西魏北周时期处理民族关系的政策和实践具有四个特点:儒家思想是主要思想来源,“和”是处理民族关系的核心理念,“抚”是处理民族关系的重要方式,以及善于从多方关系思考和处理民族关系。

The extremely complicated situation during the Western Wei and Northern Zhou dynasties made the central and local officials consider more deeply about the history and ethnic relations,and formed the policy of dealing with ethnic relations by promoting sincerity and trust,advising people to cultivate crops,guiding the people’s custom,governing the "barbarians" with "integrity and simplicity",winning over the Qiang people with honest policies,conciliating actively,and employing both kindness and severity.The policies achieved remarkable results in practice and increased the winning variables for the Western Wei and Northern Zhou in the course of the struggle with the Eastern Wei and Northern Qi Dynasties.The policy and practice of ethnic relations in the Western Wei and Northern Zhou periods had four characteristics:Confucianism was the main source of thought;"harmony" was the core concept of ethnic relations;"conciliating" was an important way to deal with ethnic relations;ethnic relations were considered and handled from multiple aspects.