狂犬病口服疫苗对消除人间狂犬病的重要作用

Research progress in oral rabies vaccine and its significance in eliminating rabies

狂犬病严重威胁人类生命,控制狂犬病需要从病毒的源头着手。在狂犬病毒的多种宿主中,犬科动物所占比例最大。因此,消除狂犬病的关键是对犬的免疫覆盖率达到70%以上。事实证明,通过注射灭活疫苗对犬只形成免疫屏障是一件困难的事情。采用口服疫苗策略控制野生动物狂犬病的成功案例给大家提供了新的思路,因此世界卫生组织建议采用狂犬病口服疫苗对犬进行免疫,用以提高犬只的免疫覆盖率,从而达到2030年消除和控制狂犬病的目的。

Rabies is very harmful to humans.Controlling rabies requires starting with the source of the virus.Among the various hosts of rabies virus,dogs pose the greatest threat to global public health.However,the key measure of elimination of human rabies is increasing the canine vaccination coverage to 70%.Data have indicated the difficulty of forming an immune barrier in dogs through injection of an inactivated vaccine.However,successful cases of using an oral vaccine to control rabies in wild animals has provided a new strategy.The World Health Organization recommends that dogs be immunized with oral rabies vaccine to improve canine immunization coverage,to achieve the goal of eliminating and controlling rabies by the year 2030.