调节性T细胞在干眼中的免疫调控作用相关研究

Research of immunoregulation effects of regulatory T cells in dry eye disease

干眼是一种涉及眼表、泪腺及睑板腺的多因素疾病,近年来其发病率逐渐升高并趋向于年轻化。干眼的主要特征是泪膜不稳定和泪液高渗透压导致的眼表炎症,并且炎症与眼表的损害互为因果可形成恶性循环。在此过程中,免疫相关的炎症反应发挥着关键作用。调节性T细胞(Treg)是一类具有免疫负调控功能的T细胞亚群,与干眼的发生和发展密切相关,可以作用于抗原提呈细胞、辅助性T细胞1(Th1)/Th17从而抑制干眼的炎症反应。近年来研究表明,在干眼中Treg的数量或功能存在缺陷,并且与年龄、性别等干眼的危险因素密切相关。此外,通过增加Treg的数量或促进其分化减轻干眼炎症反应为干眼的治疗提供了新策略。本文主要就Treg与干眼的相关性及其在干眼发病机制、治疗等方面中的相关研究进行综述。

Dry eye disease is a multifactorial disease affecting the ocular surface,lacrimal glands and meibomian glands.Its incidence is gradually increasing and tends to occur in the younger.Its main features are ocular surface inflammation caused by tear film instability and high osmotic pressure of tears.Moreover,there is a vicious circle between inflammation and ocular surface damage.Immune-related inflammatory responses play a key role in this process.Regulatory T cell(Treg)is a subset of T cells with immunoregulatory functions,which are closely related to the occurrence and development of dry eye,and can inhibit the inflammation of dry eyes by acting on antigen-presenting cells and T helper cell(Th)1/Th17.Recent studies have shown that Treg in dry eye is abnormal in number or function and closely related to the risk factors of dry eye such as age and gender.In addition,by increasing the number of Tregs and promoting their differentiation to alleviate inflammatory response can provide new treatment strategies in dry eye.The correlation between Treg and dry eye and its related research in the pathogenesis and treatment of dry eye were reviewed in this article.