呼和浩特地区中小学生变应性鼻炎流行状况及危险因素分析

Analysis of epidemiological status and risk factors of allergic rhinitis among primary and secondary school students in Hohhot area

目的了解呼和浩特地区中小学生变应性鼻炎流行状况及危险因素。方法采用横断面调查方法,对呼和浩特地区6所学校7~18岁中小学生进行问卷调查。将研究对象分为变应性鼻炎(AR)组和非AR组,比较两组相关资料,并采用logistic回归分析进行多因素分析。结果共调查中小学生5747名,呼和浩特地区中小学生AR报告率为18.51%。单因素分析结果显示,AR组性别、年龄、民族、体重指数、居住地、父母患变应性鼻炎、分娩方式、母乳喂养、新生儿黄疸、母亲孕期饮酒、居住在城市、家中养宠物、家中养花或植物、家中有人吸烟、家中有毛绒玩具与非AR组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,女性、家中养花和植物是中小学生AR的保护因素(OR<1,P<0.05);蒙古族、肥胖、居住在城市、父母患AR、剖宫产、新生儿黄疸、家中养宠物、家中有人吸烟是中小学生AR的危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05)。结论呼和浩特地区中小学生AR的报告率处于较高水平。学生和家长应引起重视,寻找原因并采取相应对策。

Objective To understand the prevalence and risk factors of allergic rhinitis among primary and secondary school students in Hohhot.Methods A cross-sectional survey method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey among primary and secondary school students aged 7 to 18 in six schools in Hohhot.The research subjects were divided into allergic rhinitis(AR)group and non AR group.The related data of the two groups were compared,and logistic regression analysis was used for multivariate analysis.Results A total of 5747 primary and secondary school students were investigated,and the reported rate of AR among primary and secondary school students in Hohhot was 18.51%.Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in gender,age,ethnicity,body mass index,place of residence,parents with allergic rhinitis,mode of delivery,breastfeeding,neonatal jaundice,mother drinking alcohol during pregnancy,living in a city,having pets at home,having flowers or plants at home,someone smoking at home,and plush toys at home between AR group and non AR(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that females,household flowers and plants were protective factors for allergic rhinitis in primary and secondary school students(OR<1,P<0.05);Mongolian nationality,obesity,living in the city,parents suffering from AR,cesarean section,neonatal jaundice,keeping pets at home,and someone smoking at home were risk factors for AR in primary and middle school students(OR>1,P<0.05).Conclusion The reported rate of AR among primary and secondary school students in Hohhot is at a high level.Students and parents should pay attention,find the reasons and take corresponding countermeasures.