健康信念模式在慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者健康教育中的应用

Application of health belief model in health education of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

目的探索健康信念模式在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者健康教育中的应用。方法将2018年1月至2021年8月上海市华东医院呼吸内科收治的94例COPD患者采用随机数字表法分为观察组(46例)和对照组(48例),对照组接受常规健康教育,观察组增加健康信念模式下的健康教育。比较两组对相关指标掌握情况、呼吸功能锻炼的依从性、满意度及生活质量的影响。结果教育后,两组康复锻炼知识、治疗知识、基本知识评分高于教育前,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组康复锻炼依从性优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组自护能力评分高于教育前,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组教育满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。教育后,两组疾病影响、活动受限及护理症状评分低于教育前,且观察组低于照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论COPD患者采用健康信念模式下的健康教育效果更好,可明显提高患者依从性、自我护理能力与生存质量。

Objective To explore the application of health belief model in health education for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Method A total of 94 COPD patients admitted to the Department of Respiratory Medicine of Shanghai East China Hospital from January 2018 to August 2021 were divided into observation group(46 cases)and control group(48 cases)by random number table method.The control group received routine health education,while the observation group received health education under the health belief model.The effects of the two groups on the mastery of relevant indicators,compliance with respiratory function exercise,satisfaction,and quality of life were compared.Results After education,the scores of rehabilitation exercise knowledge,treatment knowledge,and basic knowledge in the two groups were higher than those before education,while those of the observation group were higher than those of the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The compliance of rehabilitation exercise in the observation group was better than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The scores of self-care ability in the two groups were higher than those before education,while those of the observation group were higher than those of the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The educational satisfaction of the observation group was higher than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).After education,the scores of disease impact,activity limitation,and nursing symptoms in the two groups were lower than those before education,while those of the observation group were lower than the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The health education effect of COPD patients under the health belief model is better,which can significantly improve patients’compliance,self-care ability and quality of life.