高速公路货车空驶指标统计与规律分析

Index Statistics and Law Analysis of Unloaded Truck on Expressways in China

为揭示高速公路货车空驶规律,以空车比和空车走行率为指标,分析2008—2019年高速公路货车空驶情况,提出影响货车空驶的关键因素,探析空车比在月度、时段、行程和路网交通量分布情况;以贵州省为例,分析贵州省籍与非贵州省籍货车驶入和驶出贵州省的空车比,结合贵州省籍货车车型构成,解析贵州省货运量逆差的根本原因。结果表明:2008—2019年高速公路货车空车比维持在25%~33%;空驶现象与适运的货物品类、规定的运输时间、货运信息可达性和订单式运输合同等多重因素有关,游移于公路网内的空车是必要的;省域高速公路网内2轴空车主要覆盖重点城市,而6轴空车主要覆盖路网主骨架,差异性显著。本研究可为管理货运市场,掌控空车配载与车型匹配提供参考。

To reveal the law of unloaded trucks(UTs)on expressways in China,this paper took the UT rate and percentage of UT to loaded truck(LT)kilometers as indexes,analyzed the situation of UTs on expressways from 2008 to 2019,and put forward key factors affecting UTs.In addition,the paper studied the traffic distribution of UT rate in terms of month,hour,traveling distance,and expressway network,took Guizhou province as an example to analyze the UT rate of local and nonlocal trucks entering and leaving the province,and found the root cause of deficit in freight volume of the province by considering the type of trucks.Research results show that the UT rate between 2008 and 2019 remains at 25%–33%,and the phenomenon of UTs on expressways is related to multiple factors such as transportable goods,specified transportation time,the accessibility of freight information,and the order-oriented transportation contract.Furthermore,UTs within the expressway network are necessary.Type-2 UTs in the provincial expressway network mainly travel across major cities,and type-6 UTs mainly run across the main framework of the expressway network.Therefore,there is a great difference.This paper may provide a reference for managing freight markets and controlling the UTs and truck matching.