中亚国家数字化转型中的数字主权政策——以哈萨克斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦为例

An Exploration of Digital Sovereignty Policy in the Digital Transformation of Central Asian Countries:A Case Study of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan

近年来,以哈萨克斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦为代表的中亚国家先后出台数字化政策,在社会公共服务、实体经济、金融等领域开启数字转型进程,并积极探索如何在对外数字合作中维护本国数字主权。哈萨克斯坦把政府治理和公共服务数字化作为建构国内数字主权的重要抓手。乌兹别克斯坦采用了多元化的对外合作策略,用外部技术和投资促进对本国国内数字主权至关重要的数字政务和数字基础设施建设。两国都有维护数字主权独立和数据安全的坚定诉求,都坚持国家在互联网空间治理和数字化转型中的主导地位。两国建构和维护本国数字主权的实践,在一定程度上契合了其对外政策上的“多元平衡”路线。

In recent years,Central Asian countries,represented by Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan,have successively introduced digital policies,started the process of digital transformation in social public services,the real economy,finance and other fields,and actively explored how to safeguard their digital sovereignty in foreign digital cooperation.Kazakhstan regards government governance and digitalization of public services as an important starting point for the construction of domestic digital sovereignty.Uzbekistan has adopted a diversified foreign cooperation strategy,using external technology and investment to promote the construction of digital government and digital infrastructure,which are crucial to its domestic digital sovereignty.Both countries have firm demands to maintain digital sovereignty and independence and data security,and both adhere to the country’s leading position in Internet Space Governance and digital transformation.The two countries’practice of constructing and safeguarding their own digital sovereignty is in line with the“pluralism and balance”line of their foreign policies to a certain extent.