有效性作为法律解释规则的优先性及其适用——以《强制性国家标准管理办法》第五十五条为中心的讨论

The Priority of Validity as a Rule of Legal Interpretation and Its Application: Discussion on Article 55 of the Administrative Measures for Mandatory National Standards

法律规章需要进行解释才得以适用,有效性是法律解释的优先原则,而限缩性解释是实现法律解释的有效性方法。基于有效性作为法律解释的优先原则,可以发现:对于《强制性国家标准管理办法》第55条“有关部门规章”自身具有“不受限”的特性,它存在使该管理办法面临无效的风险;必须对“有关部门规章”采取限缩性解释。即:在符合宪法、行政法的规定情况下,“有关部门规章”指的是“国家市场监督管理总局及其承接的原质检总局和国家标准委在强制性国家标准管理问题上所发布的且现行有效的部门规章”。

Laws and regulations need to be interpreted before application. Validity is the priority principle of legal interpretation, and limited interpretation is the way to achieve the validity of legal interpretation. According to validity as the priority principle, it is found that in the Article 55 of the Administrative Measures for Mandatory National Standards,“relevant departments rules”are not restricted, which may result in the invalidity of the Measures, so the limited interpretation must be made for the“relevant department rules”. That is, in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution and administrative law,“relevant department rules”refers to“the current effective departmental regulations on the management of mandatory national standards released by State Administration for Market Regulation, Standardization Administration of China and the former AQSIQ”.