氨燃料发电研究进展

Research Progress in Ammonia Fuel for Power Generation

氨是一种高效的氢载体,有望成为下一代无碳燃料,助力实现“碳达峰、碳中和”目标,本文介绍了氨燃料的研究背景和主要性质,调研总结了氨燃料在燃煤锅炉、燃气轮机和燃料电池发电方面的研究和发展趋势。通过控制掺氨比例、喷氨位置、喷氨速度等可以实现氨/煤在燃煤锅炉中共燃;采用富–贫分级燃烧能降低燃气轮机的NO_(x)排放;氨燃料电池中氨在阳极上催化分解成氢气和氮气;氢气氧化释放的热量能有效地用于氨分解反应,提高氨燃料电池系统的能量效率。

Ammonia is an efficient hydrogen carrier and is expected to become the next generation of carbon free fuel.In order to achieve the goal of“peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutralization”,this paper introduces the research background and main properties of ammonia fuel,investigates and summarizes the research and development trend of the application of ammonia fuel in power generation in coal-fired boilers,gas turbines and fuel cells in recent years.The combustion of ammonia/coal in coal-fired boilers can be realized by controlling the ammonia cofiring ratio,the position of ammonia injection and the speed of ammonia injection;two-stage combustion can greatly reduce NO_(x)emission of gas turbine;in ammonia fuel cell,ammonia is catalytically cracked into hydrogen and nitrogen on the anode;the heat released by hydrogen oxidation can be effectively used in ammonia decomposition reaction and improve the energy efficiency of ammonia fuel cell system.