制药行业典型企业VOCs排放特征及处理技术比较

Comparison of emission characteristics and treatment technologies of VOCs in typical pharmaceutical enterprises

为研究制药行业采用不同工艺生产不同产品所产生的挥发性有机物(VOCs)的排放特征,以及评估不同废气处理技术对VOCs排放的影响,以山东省淄博市两个典型制药企业A、B为研究对象,采集了不同生产工艺、不同处理技术的的VOCs样品,采用分歧系数法比较了不同排放环节的臭氧前体物(PAMs)源谱相似性;以非甲烷总烃(NMHC)表征了VOCs总体排放情况;应用实测法计算了制药行业的排放因子;选用净化效率这一指标评估了不同废气处理技术对VOCs排放的影响。结果表明,淄博制药行业典型企业A、B的平均VOCs排放量为1.56 g·kg^(-1),是《大气挥发性有机物源排放清单编制技术指南》限值的1/276。不同生产工艺下的PAMs排放特征存在显著差异,发酵类企业排放的PAMs以芳香烃和烷烃为主,经过RTO处理后,芳香烃类物质占比从49%升高到58%,其他物质占比均有降低,而经过“水喷淋+UV光氧”处理后,烷烃类物质占比从75%降低到69%,其它物质占比均有升高。化学合成类企业排放PAMs以烷烃为主,经过“冷凝+喷淋+活性炭吸附”处理后各类物质占比几乎无变化。不同处理技术对不同种类PAMs的净化效率不同,“UV光氧+水喷淋”更适用于污水站对VOCs和异味的去除,而RTO更适用于处理高浓度VOCs的废气。

In order to obtain VOCs(Volatile Organic Compounds)emission characteristics of different products in different processes of pharmaceutical industries,and to evaluate the impact of different treatment technologies on VOCs emission,two typical pharmaceutical enterprises in Zibo City,Shandong Province were taken as the research objects in this study.VOCs samples of different processes and different treatment technologies were collected and analyzed and the similarity of photochemical assessment monitoring stations(PAMs)source spectra of different emission stages were compared using the divergence coefficient method.The overall emission of VOCs was characterized by non-methane hydrocarbon(NMHC)The emission factors of pharmaceutical industry were calculated by means of field measurement.The effects of different waste gas treatment technologies on VOCs emissions were evaluated by using the index of purification efficiency.The results showed that the average VOCs emission factor of typical enterprise A and B in Zibo pharmaceutical industry was 1.56 g·kg^(-1),which was 1/276 of the limit value of Technical Guide for Compilation of Atmospheric Voc Source Emission Inventory.There were significant differences in PAMs emission characteristics among different processes.Aromatic hydrocarbons and alkane were the main PAMs discharged by fermentation enterprises.After RTO treatment,the proportion of aromatic hydrocarbon species increased from 49%to 58%,while the proportion of other species decreased.However,after water spraying+UV photooxygen treatment,the proportion of alkane species decreased from 75%to 69%,and the proportion of other species increased.The PAMs discharged by chemical synthesis enterprises were mainly alkanes,and the proportion of each species had almost no change after the treatment of condensation,water spraying+UV photooxygen and activated carbon adsorption.Different treatment technologies have different purification efficiency for different kinds of PAMs.UV photooxygen+water spray is more suitable for the removal of VOCs and odor in sewage stations,and RTO is more suitable for the removal of VOCs with higher concentration.