基于行为改变理论的健康教育在过敏性哮喘患者中的应用效果

Application effect of health education based on behavior change theory in patients with allergic asthma

目的探讨基于行为改变理论的健康教育对过敏性哮喘患者健康行为及生活质量的影响。方法采用便利抽样法,选取2019年5月—2020年12月淮安市第一人民医院收治的108例过敏性哮喘患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将患者分为对照组和试验组,各54例,对照组给予患者常规护理干预及健康教育,试验组在对照组基础上联合基于行为改变理论的健康教育。入院时和出院6个月后,比较两组患者的健康行为、生活质量得分。共发放问卷108份,试验组脱落2例,实际完成52例;对照组脱落6例,实际完成48例,回收有效问卷100份,有效回收率为92.59%(100/108)。结果出院6个月后,试验组患者疾病知识、用药管理、饮食管理、运动管理、情绪管理、症状管理评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。哮喘症状、生活障碍程度、心理状态、对过敏源刺激的反应、自我健康重视度评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于行为改变理论的健康教育有助于促进过敏性哮喘患者健康行为的养成,进而改善患者生活质量。

Objective To explore the effect of health education based on behavior change theory on health behavior and quality of life of allergic asthma patients.Methods Using the convenient sampling method,a total of 108 patients with allergic asthma who were admitted to Huai'an First People's Hospital from May 2019 to December 2020 were selected as the research objects.By the random number table method,they were randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group,with 54 cases in each group.The control group was given routine nursing intervention and health education,while the experimental group was given health education based on behavior change theory.The scores of health behavior and quality of life were compared between the two groups at admission and 6 months after discharge.A total of 108 questionnaires were sent out,of which 2 cases in the experimental group fell off and 52 cases actually completed.In the control group,6 cases fell off,and 48 cases were actually completed.100 valid questionnaires were collected,and the effective recovery rate was 92.59%(100/108).Results Six months after discharge,scores of disease knowledge,medication management,diet management,exercise management,emotional management and symptom management of the patients in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The scores of asthma symptoms,life disorder,psychological state,response to allergen stimuli and self-health importance were all higher than those of the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusions Health education based on behavior change theory can help promote the development of healthy behaviors in patients with allergic asthma,thereby improving the quality of life of patients.