《伤寒杂病论》中“家”的含义

The Meanings of"Jia"in Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases

《伤寒杂病论》中,“家”可以表示脏腑系统或功能系统,多与相关脏腑名词相连,如脾家、胃家等;可以表示疾病系列,如湿家、咳家、支饮家、诸黄家、呕家等,此含义的家在《伤寒论》中出现较少,在《金匮要略》中出现较多;可以表示症状,如冒家、失精家等;可以表示身体偏性,如喘家、衄家、疮家等;可以与体质相关,如喘家、淋家、衄家等;一个词可以有多个含义,如中寒家。家在不同的语境中含义不同,用单词单字了解和揣测“家”的含义不够准确,应当把“家”组成的词汇放入条文之中分析,再得出其所指代的含义,如此则更能符合仲景本意。

In Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases,"jia"can mean visceral system or functional system,which is mostly connected with related visceral nouns,such as spleen jia,stomach jia,etc.Jia can mean disease series,such as dampness jia,cough jia,thoracic fluid retention jia,all the yellow jia,vomit jia,etc.The jia with this meaning appears less in Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases and more in Synopsis of the Golden Chamber.Jia can mean symptoms,such as cold jia,loss of essence jia,etc.Jia can mean body bias,such as asthma jia,nose-bleeding jia,sore jia,etc.Jia can be related to constitution,such as asthma jia,stran-guria jia,nose-bleeding jia,etc.A word can have multiple meanings,such as cold stroke jia.Jia has different meanings in different contexts.It is not accurate to use a single word to understand and guess the meaning of"jia".The words composed of"jia"should be analyzed in the articles,and then the meaning of its reference can be obtained,which is more in line with Zhang Zhong-jing's o-riginal intention.