转变中的欧盟对华经济外交——从“以商促变”到“负责任共存”

EU’s Economic Diplomacy toward China in Transition:From“Change Through Trade”to“Responsible Coexistence”

欧盟对华经济外交已发生重大转变,正在从“以商促变”的旧框架进入“负责任共存”的新框架。欧盟认为,“以商促变”的旧框架导致中欧经济利益分配失衡,欧盟作为相对收益较少的一方既无法有效保障自身的经济安全,又无法推动中国按照西方意愿进行变革。因此,欧盟推出“负责任共存”新框架,旨在通过重塑多元化、本地化的经贸网络,推出更具针对性的贸易投资工具,以及加强西方国家的对外经济政策协调,应对中国的所谓“系统性竞争”。新框架具有浓厚的价值观色彩,对抗性明显加强,但其不寻求改变中国,不愿对华经济脱钩,在给中欧关系调整带来挑战的同时也提供了发展机遇和合作空间。“负责任共存”的新框架是被动防御型的,其有效性不仅取决于欧盟的政策执行力度,在很大程度上也取决于中国的对欧政策,中国应对的关键在于持续扩大中欧在双边和全球层面的共同利益,“锁定”中欧关系的“战略性”。因此,我们既要坚持中欧经贸合作,又要推动中欧绿色发展战略的对接,并扩展全球经济治理层面的合作。

EU’s economic diplomacy towards China has undergone a major change,shifting from“Change Through Trade”to“Responsible Coexistence.”EU believes that the old framework has led to an imbalance in distribution of economic interests,while the EU benefits less and fails to maintain economic security or push China to make changes in accordance with the wishes of the West.By reshaping a diversified and localized economic and trade network,launching more targeted trade and investment tools,strengthening coordination of foreign economic policies between the“Alliance of Western nations,”EU seeks to address China’s“systemic competition.”Although the new framework emphasizes values and antagonizes different ideologies,it doesn’t seek to change China,nor to decouple from China.The new framework is passive and defensive;its effectiveness depends not only on EU’s policy implementation,but also on China’s policy towards EU.China should broaden China-EU common interests,“lock in”the“strategic”nature of China-EU relations:insist economic and trade cooperation,seek greater strategic synergy in the field of green development,and foster cooperation in global economic governance.