女性领导污名感知量表开发及其负面影响研究

Scale Development and Impact Validation of Female Leaders’Stigma Consciousness

近年来,越来越多的女性步入职场并担任领导职位。然而,受到持续几千年的封建传统文化中的“男权思想”的影响,中国情境下的女性领导们不时仍面临着被污名的困境,感知到污名的女性领导在工作与生活方面均会受到负面影响。不过,目前学术界对女性领导污名感知的研究相对匮乏,特别缺少衡量女性领导污名感知的量表以及污名感知对女性领导负面影响的实证研究。在梳理已有文献和深度访谈的基础上,本文严格遵循量表开发的程序,形成了包含领导风格污名感知、成功方式污名感知、个人生活污名感知3个维度共9个题项的女性领导污名感知量表,并向350位女性领导发放问卷,检验女性领导污名感知对其职业发展和工作生活平衡的影响,以及情绪耗竭的中介作用和污名应对倾向的调节作用。结果发现,女性领导污名感知对职业发展和工作生活平衡具有负向影响;情绪耗竭在其中起中介作用;污名应对倾向负向调节污名感知对情绪耗竭的作用。本文拓展和细化了中国情境下女性领导污名感知的内涵结构,并为组织如何减轻污名感知对女性领导的不利影响提出管理启示。

Recent years have witnessed more and more women enter workplaces and become leaders.However,due to some patriarchal values,stigma is a pervasive problem with negative impacts on female leaders’career development and work-life balance.To date,however,few empirical studies focus on female leader stigma consciousness and few scales exist to measure female leaders’stigma consciousness.Based on literature review and in-depth interviews,the initial items of female leaders’stigma consciousness were extracted and a 9-item scale with three dimensions(stigma consciousness of leadership style,way of success,and personal life)was developed through both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.350 female leaders were surveyed to test the impact of female leaders’stigma consciousness on their career development and work-life balance.The results indicate that stigma consciousness negatively affects career development and work-life balance,and emotional exhaustion plays a mediating effect in these relationships.Besides,coping style moderates the relationship between stigma consciousness and emotional exhaustion.This article enriches manifestations of female leader stigma consciousness in the contexts of Chinese culture and provides both individuals and organizations with advice on how to reduce the negative effects of stigma on female leaders.