孟德尔“分离”与“自由组合”定律被埋没、质疑原因浅析

An Analysis of the Reasons Why Mendel’s Laws of “Separation” and “Free Combination” Were Buried and Questioned

孟德尔在1864年独立提出了遗传的“分离定律”与“自由组合定律”,并且将这一理论公之于众,但是收效甚微。他将遗传定律写信告知植物学家卡尔·耐格里,希望得到他的支持,并依靠他的影响力进行宣传。耐格里并不是完全信服,他希望孟德尔能够用他选择的模式生物——山柳菊,重复遗传学定律的实验。但是由于山柳菊本身的遗传特性,部分品种完全不符合遗传定律,因此这一理论就被搁置了下来。1900年,孟德尔定律被再次发现,但是伴随着研究的深入,对孟德尔遗传数据的真实性,很多人提出质疑。我们通过分析认为,孟德尔是对数据做了选择,但并不是造假。

Mendel independently discovered the genetic law of separation and the law of free combination in 1864,and made the theory public,but with little effect.He wrote to the botanist Carl Nageli about the laws of heredity,hoping to get his support and rely on his influence to promote them.Nageli was not entirely convinced,so he hoped Mendel would be able to repeat experiments using the model organisms,hawkweed.However,due to the genetic characteristics of hawkweed itself,some varieties did not conform to the law of heredity,so the theory had been shelved.In 1900,Mendel’s laws were discovered,but with the deepening of research,many people questioned the authenticity of his data.Our analysis concludes that Mendel selected the data,but he did not fabricate them.