伴侣机器人的三维伦理冲击

Three-dimensional Ethical Impact of the Companion Robot

作为传统性玩偶与AI的结合体,伴侣机器人能够在“身”“心”维度满足人类需要,但这并不能构成其充当人类伴侣的充分道德理由。为此,伴侣机器人需要得到严肃的伦理审视。考察从小到大的三大伦理场域:“个体-家庭-社会”,伴侣机器人可能会对当前人类的“身份伦理-家庭伦理-社会伦理”造成强烈冲击。原因有三:一、伴侣机器人并不具有专属于“人”的性别,但它因具类人化的外形,故可获得虚幻的“第三性别”。二、伴侣机器人具备一定的性能力,故可成为家庭生活中想象的“第三者”,对夫妻的情感及性关系造成威胁。三、伴侣机器人不是道德主体,但人们又易将道德期待附加在它身上,使其处于尴尬的“道德盲区”。综上,伴侣机器人只能停留在伴侣的功能性维度,而无法上升至伦理性维度。故,机器人不能成为人类的伴侣。

As a combination of traditional dolls and AI,the companion robot can meet human needs in the physical and mental dimensions.However,this does not constitute a sufficient moral reason to help the companion robot act as human couples.For this reason,the companion robot needs to receive a serious ethical scrutiny.Investigating three major ethical fields from small to large,individuals,families and the society,it can be found that the companion robot may have impact on the identity ethics,family ethics and society ethics of current human beings.There are three reasons.Firstly,the companion robot does not have human gender.However,due to its human-like appearance,the companion robot can acquire an illusory third gender.Secondly,the companion robot has certain sexual ability,so it can become an imagined third arm in family life,which causes a threat to the couples’ emotion and sexual relationship.Thirdly,the companion robot is not a moral subject,but people are easy to attach moral expectations to it,which forces it into an embarrassing moral blind zone.The companion robot cannot rise to the ethical dimension but only stay in the functional dimension of couples.Therefore,robots cannot become human couples.