学生信任何以可能——以社会资本理论为视角

How Students’ Trust is Possible:From the Perspective of Social Capital Theory

学生信任通常被视为其个人倾向,无论是心理学的“人格特质说”还是经济学的“理性选择说”均指向学生“愿不愿”信任的问题,而社会学视野下的学生信任则是一个“能不能”信任的问题。以社会资本理论为视角对学生信任差异进行解释,发现学生信任的来源是“关系理性”主导下的社会交换,学生信任的限度在于其社会资本的存量,学生信任的选择是夹杂着理性考量、感性冲动与文化浸染的“社会行动”。因此,一个关于学生信任的“理想类型”应当包含三方面,一是认知层面的“理性预期”,二是情感层面的“信任冲动”,三是催生信任行为的学校组织文化。唯有如此,信任才能成为学校的集体社会资本,培育学生的社会信任将成为可能。

Students’ trust has always been regarded as their personal tendency.Both the “personality trait theory” in psychology and the “rational choice theory” in economics point to the question of students’ “willingness” to trust,while from the perspective of sociology,students’ trust is a question of “whether” to trust.From the perspective of social capital theory,this paper explains the differences of students’ trust,and finds that the source of students’ trust is social exchange led by “relational rationality”,the limit of students’ trust lies in their stock of social capital,and the choice of students’ trust is “social action” mixed with rational consideration,emotional impulse and cultural influence.Therefore,the “ideal type” of students’ trust should include three aspects:the cognitive “rational expectation”,the emotional “trust impulse”,and the school organizational culture that promotes trust behavior.Only in this way,trust can become the collective social capital of the school,and it will be possible to cultivate students’ social trust.