线上再生产何以继续:数字惯习、线上补习对城乡学生学业成就的影响研究

How Can Online Reproduction Continue?Research on the Influence of Digital Habitus and Online Tutoring on the Academic Performance of Urban and Rural Students

网络时代的教育焦虑在疫情后已悄然从“线下”逐渐转移到“线上”,但目前尚缺乏对线上相关教育的社会再生产机制研究。借助广义分位数回归法(GQR)对PISA2015中国四省市数据进行分析,结果表明:城市学生在数字惯习上占有广泛优势,“利于学习”的数字惯习在中等以及高成就学生中能比同位乡镇学生更好地转化为成就优势。网络也是一把双刃剑,城市学生在获得更多数字资源的同时,利用数字设备进行娱乐对城市学生的成就产生了较为广泛的消解作用。尽管乡镇家庭更愿意做出线上补习决策,但线上补习对乡镇中低成就群体产生了更为明显的负面影响,这造成了新的城乡不平等。交互效应显示,只有一小部分高成就的城市学生能够将惯习优势通过线上补习转化为成就优势。这启示我们,要进一步关注再生产理论在互联网时代的发展,在加强学生良好数字惯习引导的同时,也要进一步警惕和研究线上补习的质量问题。

Educational anxiety in the Internet Era has gradually shifted from “offline” to “online” after the epidemic,but there is still a lack of analysis of the social reproduction mechanism of online education.With the help of the Generalized Quantile Regression(GQR),the data of PISA2015 in four provinces and cities in China are analyzed.The research results show that urban students have a wide range of advantages in digital habitus,and “facilitating learning” digital habitus is in the middle and among high-achieving students,it is better than the same township students to transform into an achievement advantage.The internet is also a double-edged sword.While urban students are acquiring more digital resources,the use of digital devices for entertainment has a broader negative effect on the achievements of urban students.Although township families are more willing to make online tutoring decisions,online tutoring has a wider and obvious negative impact on the lower-middle groups in the township,which has created new urban-rural inequality.Finally,the interactive effect shows that only a small number of high-achieving urban students can transform their habitus advantage into an achievement advantage through online tutoring.The research suggests that we need to pay more attention to the development of Bourdieu’s reproduction theory in the Internet Era,and while strengthening students’ good digital habitus guidance,we also need to be vigilant and study the problem of quality of online tutoring.