云南省部分野生茄子农艺性状调查与分析

Investigation and Analysis of Agronomic Characters of Some Wild Eggplant in Yunnan Province

以云南省不同州市收集到的15份野生茄子资源为试材,调查茎、花和果实的21个表型性状并进行相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析,从形态学水平上研究其遗传多样性,明确供试茄子表型丰富程度及不同种质间的遗传关系,获得更广泛多样的优异资源,以期为茄子种质资源研究、育种及嫁接砧木筛选提供参考依据。结果表明:对茄子21种农艺性状的相关性分析发现叶长、叶裂刻、叶柄长与株高彼此间呈极显著正相关;果面斑纹色、果面棱沟、果面光泽和果形与叶裂刻呈极显著正相关,与商品果色呈极显著负相关;叶长与果形等5个果实表型呈极显著正相关。主成分分析将21个性状提取为4个主因子、累计贡献率为79.313%,包含了全部指标的大部分信息;通过计算综合得分,有5份材料综合表现优良(F>0.8)。依据种质间遗传距离将15份野生茄子资源分为2类,第Ⅰ类群包括11份材料,商品果色艳丽有光泽,以黄色和橘红色为主,果形有圆球、扁圆及卵圆多种果形;第Ⅱ类群包括4份材料,株型高大,叶片肥厚,叶裂刻较深或中。

Taking 15 wild eggplant resources collected from different city of Yunnan Province as the test materials, investigation and stem, flower and fruit of 21 phenotypic traits and correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis, the genetic diversity of eggplant was studied on the morphological level, the selected eggplant phenotypic richness and the genetic relationship among different germplasm were determined, more extensive and diverse excellent resources were obtained, in order to provide reference for the research of eggplant germplasm resources, breeding and selection of grafting rootstocks.The results showed that leaf length, leaf cleft, petiole length and plant height were positively correlated with each other by correlation analysis of 21 agronomic traits of eggplant.There was a significant positive correlation between strip color, edge, gloss, shape of fruit surface and leaf cleft, but a significant negative correlation between leaf cleft and commodity fruit color.There was a significant positive correlation between leaf length and fruit shape.Principal component analysis(PCA) extracted 21 traits into 4 main factors, with a cumulative contribution rate of 79.313%,which contained most information of all indicators.By calculating the comprehensive score, 5 materials had excellent comprehensive performance(F>0.8).According to the genetic distance between germplasm, the 15 wild eggplant resources were divided into two groups.Group Ⅰ consisted of 11 materials.The commercial fruit color was bright and shiny, mainly yellow and orange-red, the fruit shape was round, oblate and oval.Group Ⅱ consists of 4 materials, tall plant type, thick leaf hypertrophy, deep or medium leaf cleft.