交通控制论初步:交通系统控制的共同规律与方法

Transport Cybernetics Preliminary: Common Rule and Methodology of Transport System Control

交通系统是一个边界开放、多主体参与的复杂系统,既有工程技术问题,又涉及人、社会组织和政策问题。传统的交通控制方法主要用于交通信号控制、区域网络调节等微观和中观层面,而在交通供给调节、需求管理以及运输结构等宏观层面上,则很少提及控制论的应用。从控制论的思想出发,探讨了交通系统各种控制行为的共性规律和相对稳定的方法。首先简要回顾了道路交通控制技术的发展历程,从交通系统兼有工程物理属性和社会属性的角度探讨了传统交通控制技术的局限性,并提出了将交通控制研究范畴拓展到基础设施供给调节、运输需求管理等层面的广义控制理念。在此基础上,融合工程控制论和社会控制论的思想,初步论述了交通基础设施供给调节、出行与运输需求管理、交通流控制、车路协同等各种控制过程的共同规律和方法,阐明了信息即控制的观点,提出了以提升系统组织化程度为根本目标、以交通熵为基本判据、以信息为控制手段、依托通信网对运输网(含能源供给网)行为进行指引和调节的交通控制论思想,对于各种交通控制系统的构建具有普适的指导意义。

Transport system is a complex system with open borders and multiple participants, which involves both engineering and technical issues and human, social organizations and policy issues. Traditional traffic control methods are mainly used at the micro and meso levels such as traffic signal control and regional network regulation, while at the macro level such as traffic supply regulation, demand management, and transport structure, the application of cybernetics is rarely mentioned. Starting from the idea of cybernetics, the common rules and relatively stable methods of various control behaviors in transport system are explored. First, the development history of road traffic control technology is briefly reviewed, the limitations of traditional traffic control technology are discussed from the perspective that traffic system has both engineering physical and social properties, and a generalized control concept of expanding the scope of traffic control research to the level of infrastructure supply regulation and transport demand management is proposed. On this basis, integrating the ideas of engineering cybernetics and social cybernetics, the common rules and methods of various control processes such as traffic infrastructure supply regulations, travel and transport demand management, traffic flow control, and vehicle-road coordination are preliminarily discussed, the view of information as control is clarified, and the idea of traffic cybernetics, which takes improving the degree of system organization as the fundamental goal, takes the traffic entropy as the basic criterion, takes the information as the control method, and relies on the communication network to guide and adjust the behavior of the transport network(including the energy supply network), is put forward. The construction of various traffic control systems has universal guiding significance. All of them have universal guiding significance for the construction of various traffic control systems.