新能源电动汽车充电桩的优化选址

Optimized Location of Charging Piles for New Energy Electric Vehicles

新能源电动汽车的快速发展对于减少温室气体排放和降低化石燃料消耗具有重大意义。然而,电动汽车快速增长带来的充电站数量不足、分布不均、成本高昂等一系列问题日趋严重。因此,合理规划充电站的位置和数量对用户、电网和投资者具有重要价值。针对充电桩面临的运营效率不高、前期投资规模大、回报周期长的难题,综合考虑充电桩建设成本、预计线路改造投资成本、预计公变改造成本、车位租赁成本和运营成本等影响充电桩经济效益的因素,并按照统计学原理对这些因素进行度量,构建了一个以统计数据为基础的利润函数。然后将投资回报年限作为充电桩选址的目标函数,得到充电桩选址优化模型。将模型的求解问题转化为利润函数零点的搜寻问题,把二分法搜索的零点对应到每个充电桩最短的投资回收年限,并将其排序为充电桩的投资决策提供依据。结果表明:模拟仿真结果与实际情况具有较高的一致性,证明该研究内容和方法能够帮助投资方对电动汽车充电桩进行优化选址,根据自身的资金情况合理投资备选充电桩,进而缩短充电桩投资回报周期;同时也为新能源电动汽车用户提供了一个便捷的服务环境,提升了新能源电动汽车的市场竞争力,减少燃油汽车的使用,降低汽车尾气排放量,加快实现碳的零排放,净化人类生存环境。

The rapid development of new energy electric vehicles is of great significance for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and reducing fossil fuel consumption. However, the rapid growth of electric vehicles has brought about various problems related to insufficient numbers, uneven distribution, and the high cost of charging stations. Therefore, the rational planning of the location and number of charging stations hold great value for users, power grids, and investors. Aiming at the problems faced by charging piles such as low operational efficiency, large scale of upfront investment, and long return period, a profit function based on statistical data is constructed by comprehensively considering the construction cost of charging piles, the estimated investment cost of line transformation, the estimated cost of public change transformation, the rental cost of parking space and the operating cost, which are measured according to statistical principles. Then, taking the investment return period as the objective function of charging pile location, the charging pile location optimization model is obtained. The solution of the model is converted into search for the zero point of the profit function, the zero point searched by the dichotomy is corresponded to the shortest investment payback period of each charging pile, and its ranking is used as the basis for the investment decision of charging piles. The result shows that(1) the simulation result is consistent with the actual situation, which proves that the research content and method can help investors to optimize the location of electric vehicle charging piles, and reasonably invest in alternative charging piles according to their own capital conditions, thereby shortening the investment return period of charging piles;(2) it also provides a convenient service environment for new energy electric vehicle users, enhances the market competitiveness of new energy electric vehicles, reduces the use of fuel vehicles and exhaust emissions, and accelerates the realization of zero carbon emissions for a better humane living environment.