不同咨询效果个案人际过程差异的社会行为结构分析

Structural Analysis of Social Behavior of Differences in Interpersonal Process among Cases with Differential Psychotherapeutic Outcome

目的:基于社会行为结构分析,探究会谈初期好、差咨询效果个案中的人际行为及人际互动差异。方法:从国内某大学心理咨询中心选取好、差效果个案各4例,根据社会行为结构分析(structural analysis of social behav⁃ior,SASB)编码手册对人际行为和人际互动进行编码。结果:(1)好效果组咨询师有更多的协助保护,差效果组有更多的监督控制;(2)好效果组来访者的信任依赖略高于国外研究,且随着咨询的进展不断增加,而差效果组则不断波动;(3)好效果组的人际互动更稳定,咨询师逐渐以非互补的方式对来访者的互动模式进行回应。结论:有效心理咨询的互动以咨访双方的相互理解、信任为主,在维持相对稳定、正向互动的前提下,能在一定程度上以非互补的方式回应来访者适应不良的人际模式,为其他人际互动模式创造机会。

Objective:Research strategies employing Structural Analysis of Social Behavior(SASB)were demonstrated in the present study comparing good to poor outcome case,on the differences in interpersonal behavior and interaction pro⁃cess variables.Methods:Four cases with good outcomes and four cases with poor outcomes were selected from a universi⁃ty-based student counseling center in China.Interpersonal behaviors and interactions between counselors and clients were coded according to the coding manual of Structural Analysis of Social Behavior(SASB).Results:Counselor behaviors of“Nurture and Protect”were more frequent in high-change cases,while Counselor behaviors of“Watch and Control”were more frequent in low-change cases.In addition,Client behaviors of“Trust and Rely”in high-change cases were more fre⁃quent than that in foreign studies.With the process of counseling,Client behaviors of“Trust and Rely”were more frequent in high-change cases,while that behavior in low-change cases fluctuated.Moreover,the interpersonal interaction in highchange cases were relatively stable and Counselors responded in a noncomplementary manner to the client’s interpersonal evoking style.The interactions in low-change cases were unstable.Conclusion:The interpersonal interaction of effective psychotherapy is relying on mutual understanding and trust of both parties.At the same time,counseling success may re⁃quire Counselors to respond in a noncomplementary manner to the Client’s interpersonal evoking style in the context of the relatively stable and positive interaction.