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论阻却罪责的特殊心理状态 被引量:1

On the Special Phycological State Excusing Culpability
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摘要 基于遭受特殊侵害的行为人立场审视其特殊心理及行为反应,能为客观评价行为性质提供新的视角和理论支撑。在英美法系国家,受特殊心理状态支配的反击行为属于可宽恕理由,阻却违法;在大陆法系国家刑法中,受特殊心理状态支配的反击行为属于不处罚或免除处罚行为,阻却责任。特殊心理状态有别于激情等常态心理状态及精神错乱。公认的阻却违法的受虐妇女综合症需具备如下条件:适用主体与对象是受虐妻子与施暴丈夫;受虐者遭受施暴者持续性暴力虐待;受虐者难以脱离施暴者控制;存在紧迫性暴力威胁。大陆法系国家刑法规定的阻却责任的紧急防卫之特殊心理状态,其成立条件相对笼统、概括,范畴也较为宽泛,在司法适用时引发较大争议。对阻却违法的受虐妇女综合症之主体可以合理拓展,但需受到规范制约。对阻却责任的紧急防卫特殊心理状态,需要适当限缩其范畴。作为责任减轻事由的特殊心理状态与被害人过错有所不同。 It can provide a new perspective and theoretical support for the objective evaluation of the nature of behavior to examine the special psychological and behavioral responses of the perpetrator who suffered special violations from the standpoint of the perpetrator. In the common law countries, the counterattack behavior dominated by the special psychological state is a forgivable reason, which prevents it from breaking the law. In the criminal law of civil law countries, the counterattack behavior dominated by the special psychological state belongs to the behavior of not being punished or exempted from punishment, and excludes the responsibility. Special mental states are distinct from normal mental states such as passion and insanity. The recognized BWS should meet the following conditions: the subject and object of application are the abused wife and the abusive husband;The victim is subjected to sustained violent abuse by the abuser;The victim has difficulty getting out of the hands of the abuser;There is an immediate threat of violence. The special psychological state of emergency defense against the liability of obstruction stipulated in the criminal law of civil law system countries, its establishment conditions are relatively general generalized, and its scope is also relatively broad, which has caused great controversy in the judicial application. The main body of BWS can be reasonably expanded, but it needs to be regulated. It is necessary to limit the scope of the special psychological state of emergency defense to the responsibility of deterrence. The special psychological state as a mitigating cause is different from the fault of the victim.
作者 彭文华 Peng Wenhua
出处 《法学》 CSSCI 北大核心 2022年第8期82-98,共17页 Law Science
基金 国家社科基金后期资助项目“美国量刑制度研究”(项目编号:21FFXB040)的阶段性成果。
关键词 特殊心理状态 违法阻却事由 责任阻却事由 责任减轻事由 受虐妇女 special psychological state the cause of exclusion of illegality the cause of exclusion of liability the cause of mitigating liability battered women
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