战略指南针:欧盟安全与防务新指向

Strategic Compass:A New Direction for EU Security and Defense

过去几年中,欧盟努力提升其安全与防务领域的水平,于2022年3月出台了《安全与防务战略指南针》。这是欧盟安全与防务政策的重要进展,主要基于对全球和区域威胁感知的变化及对自身防务政策的反思。“战略指南针”在危机管理、威胁应对、投资导向、伙伴关系四个方面设立了行动目标,并分别明确了具体实施手段。这意味着欧盟更加重视提高欧洲防务的连贯性和一致性,更加注重硬实力竞争,进一步寻求安全与防务的战略自主,这对其他国际行为体具有重要的地缘政治含义。但“战略指南针”的政策内容本身也存在缺陷,欧盟及其成员国的政治意愿、落实行动计划的能力、对美国和北约的长期依赖等因素,也可能限制“战略指南针”的现实成果。

Over the past few years,the EU has worked hard to upgrade its security and defense sector,and introduced “A Strategic Compass for Security and Defense” in March 2022.This is an important development in EU’s security and defense policy,which has derived from changes in its perception of global and regional threats and a rethink of its own defense policy.The Strategic Compass sets out action goals in four areas:crisis management,threat response,investment orientation and partnership,as well as specific means for implementation.This means that the EU attaches greater importance to improving the coherence and consistency of European defense,pays more attention to hard power competition,and further seeks strategic autonomy in security and defense,which has important geopolitical implications for other international actors.But the policy content of the Strategic Compass itself is fiowed,and factors such as the political will of the EU and its member states,the ability to implement the action plan,and the long-term dependence on the US and NATO may also limit the realistic outcomes of the Strategic Compass.